As an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 800,000 policies, WeCovr understands that navigating the world of private medical insurance can be complex. In today's globalised society, the lines between living at home and abroad are blurring, making the choice between UK-focused and international health cover more critical than ever. This guide is here to provide clarity.
WeCovr compares global health cover options
Are you a UK resident wanting to bypass NHS waiting lists, or an expatriate setting up a new life in Lisbon? Perhaps you're a digital nomad sending invoices from Bali? The right health insurance for you depends entirely on where you call home.
The choice boils down to two main types of policy: UK Private Medical Insurance (PMI) and International Private Medical Insurance (IPMI). While they sound similar, they are designed for vastly different lifestyles and needs. Understanding this distinction is the first step toward securing the right protection for you and your family.
In this definitive guide, we will break down everything you need to know, from core benefits and costs to who each policy is truly for.
What is UK Private Medical Insurance (PMI)?
UK Private Medical Insurance, often shortened to PMI or simply 'private health cover', is a policy designed to cover the costs of private medical treatment for acute conditions within the United Kingdom.
Think of it as a partner to the National Health Service (NHS). It doesn't replace the NHS, which remains essential for accidents, emergencies, and GP services. Instead, PMI offers you more choice, control, and comfort when you need planned, specialist treatment.
The core purpose of UK PMI is to provide prompt access to diagnosis and treatment for conditions that arise after you have taken out your policy.
A Critical Point on UK PMI: Pre-existing and Chronic Conditions
It is vital to understand a fundamental principle of standard UK PMI:
- It does NOT cover pre-existing conditions. These are any illnesses, diseases, or injuries you had symptoms or treatment for before your policy start date.
- It does NOT cover chronic conditions. These are long-term conditions that cannot be cured, only managed, such as diabetes, asthma, or hypertension.
UK PMI is designed exclusively for acute conditions – illnesses that are likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery, like cataracts, joint replacements, or hernia repairs.
What Does a Typical UK PMI Policy Cover?
While policies vary, most UK PMI plans are built around a core of in-patient and day-patient cover.
- In-patient Treatment: When you are admitted to a hospital bed overnight.
- Day-patient Treatment: When you are admitted to a hospital bed for a procedure but do not stay overnight.
- Out-patient Treatment: Consultations, diagnostic tests (like MRI scans), and therapies that don't require a hospital bed. This is often an optional add-on but is highly recommended for faster diagnosis.
- Cancer Care: This is a cornerstone of most comprehensive PMI policies, often providing access to specialist drugs and treatments not yet available on the NHS.
- Mental Health Support: Many modern policies now include cover for mental health treatment, from therapy sessions to in-patient care.
- Therapies: Access to physiotherapists, osteopaths, and other specialists.
What is Generally Excluded from UK PMI?
- Pre-existing conditions
- Chronic conditions
- Accident & Emergency services (handled by the NHS)
- Organ transplants
- Cosmetic surgery (unless reconstructive after an accident)
- Pregnancy and childbirth (uncomplicated)
- Drug and alcohol abuse treatment
| Feature | Typically Covered by UK PMI | Typically Excluded from UK PMI |
|---|
| Treatment Type | Acute conditions (e.g., hip replacement, cataract surgery) | Chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, asthma management) |
| Location | Private hospitals and clinics within the UK | Treatment outside of the UK |
| Emergencies | No - this is for the NHS | Yes - A&E is handled by the NHS |
| Pre-existing Issues | No | Yes - any condition you had before the policy began |
| Cancer | Yes - often comprehensive diagnosis and treatment | Varies by policy, but generally well-covered |
| Mental Health | Yes - often includes therapy and consultations | Some limitations may apply, check your policy |
| Routine Care | No - GP visits, eye tests, dental check-ups | Yes |
What is International Private Medical Insurance (IPMI)?
International Private Medical Insurance (IPMI) is a far more comprehensive type of health cover designed for individuals and families living or working outside of their home country for an extended period (usually one year or more).
It is a global healthcare solution, created to replace the function of a national health service in your new country of residence. If you're an expatriate, an IPMI policy is your primary means of accessing healthcare, from a routine doctor's visit to major surgery.
Unlike UK PMI, which is geographically limited, IPMI offers cover across defined regions (e.g., "Europe") or worldwide. It's built for portability and provides peace of mind that you are covered no matter where your work or life takes you.
Key Features of International PMI
IPMI policies are typically broader and more flexible than their UK counterparts.
- Global or Regional Cover: You can choose a policy that covers you worldwide, or one that excludes expensive regions like the USA to reduce costs.
- Medical Evacuation & Repatriation: A critical benefit. If you cannot get the required standard of care locally, IPMI can cover the cost of transporting you to the nearest centre of medical excellence or even back to your home country.
- Comprehensive Benefits: IPMI plans often include benefits that are add-ons in the UK, such as dental, optical, maternity, and wellness checks, as standard.
- Direct Settlement: Insurers have vast networks of hospitals worldwide and can often pay the provider directly, so you are not left with a large bill to pay out-of-pocket.
- 24/7 Multilingual Support: Essential for navigating unfamiliar healthcare systems and dealing with medical emergencies in a foreign language.
Regarding pre-existing conditions, some IPMI providers may offer cover for them, subject to full medical underwriting and a potentially significant increase in your premium. This flexibility is a key difference from the stricter approach of standard UK PMI.
Key Differences at a Glance: IPMI vs UK PMI
This table breaks down the fundamental differences between the two types of cover.
| Feature | UK Private Medical Insurance (PMI) | International Private Medical Insurance (IPMI) |
|---|
| Geographical Scope | United Kingdom only. | Regional (e.g., Europe) or Worldwide. |
| Target Audience | Permanent UK residents. | Expatriates, digital nomads, long-term travellers. |
| Core Purpose | To supplement the NHS for acute conditions. | To act as primary health cover in a foreign country. |
| Chronic Conditions | Not covered. | Can sometimes be covered, subject to underwriting. |
| Pre-existing Conditions | Not covered. | May be covered with a premium loading or specific terms. |
| Medical Evacuation | Not included. | A core, essential benefit. |
| Routine Care (Wellness) | Generally excluded (GP visits, check-ups). | Often included or available as a standard add-on. |
| Cost | Relatively affordable. | Significantly more expensive due to wider scope. |
| Portability | Policy ceases if you move abroad. | Designed to move with you across borders. |
Who Needs UK PMI? The Ideal Candidate Profile
UK PMI is the right choice if you are a permanent resident of the UK and your primary concern is fast access to high-quality medical care within the country.
Consider these examples:
- The Self-Employed Builder: Mark is a 45-year-old builder. An NHS waiting list for a knee operation could mean six months without income. With PMI, he can have the surgery privately within weeks, minimising his time off work and protecting his livelihood.
- The Concerned Parent: Sarah and Tom have two young children. They want the peace of mind that if their child needs to see a specialist, they can do so quickly and have the choice of a private room for comfort and privacy during a hospital stay.
- The Company Director: Jane is 55 and runs a busy marketing agency. Her company provides PMI as a benefit. She values it for the quick access to diagnostics like MRI scans, allowing her to get answers and start treatment for any health concerns without a long, anxious wait.
For these individuals, their life and healthcare needs are firmly rooted in the UK. Their policy is a tool to navigate the domestic healthcare system more efficiently.
Who Needs International PMI? The Expat and Global Citizen
IPMI is essential if you plan to live outside of your home country for a year or more. Relying on travel insurance or a domestic policy is not a viable or safe option.
Here are some typical IPMI users:
- The Expat Professional: David is moving from London to Singapore for a three-year assignment. He needs a health insurance plan that will cover him and his family for everything from GP visits and vaccinations to potential hospitalisation in Singapore's private healthcare system. His IPMI policy provides this.
- The Digital Nomad: Maria works as a freelance graphic designer while travelling across Southeast Asia. She needs a flexible policy that covers her in Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. Critically, she needs medical evacuation cover in case she has a serious accident in a remote area.
- The Retiree in Spain: John and Susan have retired to the Costa del Sol. While they may be entitled to some state healthcare, they want comprehensive private cover for choice and access to English-speaking doctors. Their IPMI policy is their primary health plan for their new life in Spain.
In all these cases, the individuals are living abroad and need a primary health insurance solution, not a supplementary one.
Cost Comparison: Why is IPMI So Much More Expensive?
The most immediate difference you will notice when comparing quotes is the price. IPMI is substantially more expensive than UK PMI, and for good reason. The higher cost reflects the increased risk and scope of cover.
Several factors contribute to the higher premiums:
- Cost of Healthcare Abroad: Treatment costs vary wildly across the globe. A procedure in the USA can cost ten times as much as it would in the UK. An IPMI policy must be priced to cover potential claims in the most expensive locations within its area of cover.
- Medical Evacuation and Repatriation: The logistical cost of an air ambulance, medical team, and hospital transfer can easily run into tens or even hundreds of thousands of pounds. This is a core risk that the IPMI premium must cover.
- Wider Scope of Benefits: IPMI plans are generally more comprehensive, covering routine dental, optical, and wellness checks that are typically excluded from UK PMI.
- Administrative Complexity: Managing a global network of hospitals, dealing with multiple currencies and languages, and providing 24/7 emergency support all add to the insurer's operational costs.
Illustrative Monthly Cost Comparison (2025 Estimates)
These figures are for illustrative purposes only. Your actual quote will depend on your age, health, smoking status, and chosen level of cover.
| Policy Type | Individual (35, Non-smoker) | Family of 4 |
|---|
| UK PMI (Basic) | £40 - £70 / month | £120 - £200 / month |
| UK PMI (Comprehensive) | £80 - £150 / month | £250 - £400 / month |
| IPMI (Europe only) | £150 - £300 / month | £500 - £800 / month |
| IPMI (Worldwide excl. USA) | £250 - £500 / month | £800 - £1,500 / month |
| IPMI (Worldwide incl. USA) | £500 - £900+ / month | £1,500 - £2,500+ / month |
As you can see, choosing a worldwide policy that includes the USA can dramatically increase the cost, reflecting the exceptionally high price of healthcare in that country.
What About Travel Insurance? Can't I Just Use That?
This is a common and dangerous misconception. Travel insurance is not a substitute for IPMI.
- Travel Insurance is for short-term trips and holidays. It is designed to cover unforeseen emergencies, like a broken bone from a skiing accident or a severe infection. It also covers things like trip cancellation and lost luggage. It will not cover you for routine doctor's visits, ongoing care, or treatment for a condition that existed before you travelled. Its purpose is to patch you up and get you home.
- International PMI is for long-term residence abroad. It functions as your primary health plan, covering everything from emergencies to routine check-ups, specialist consultations, and long-term treatment in your new country of residence.
Using travel insurance for long-term stays is a huge gamble that could leave you with catastrophic medical bills.
WeCovr's Expert Guidance: Making the Right Choice
Choosing the right health insurance is a major financial and personal decision. The complexity of the options, especially when crossing borders, can feel overwhelming. This is where using a specialist, independent broker like WeCovr makes all the difference.
Our expert advisors can:
- Assess Your Needs: We take the time to understand your unique situation – whether you're staying in the UK, moving abroad, your budget, and your healthcare priorities.
- Compare the Market: We have access to policies from the UK's best PMI providers as well as leading global IPMI insurers. We do the research so you don't have to.
- Explain the Fine Print: We help you understand the crucial details of underwriting, exclusions, and benefit limits, ensuring there are no nasty surprises when you need to claim.
Our advice is impartial and comes at no extra cost to you. Furthermore, as a WeCovr client, you gain complimentary access to our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, CalorieHero, to support your wellness journey. We also offer discounts on other insurance products when you purchase a health or life insurance policy through us.
Beyond Insurance: A Holistic Approach to Your Health
Whether you're at home or abroad, your health is your most valuable asset. While insurance is a crucial safety net, proactive wellness is your first line of defence.
- Diet & Hydration: When moving to a new country, embrace the local cuisine but be mindful of maintaining a balanced diet. Always ensure you are drinking plenty of clean water, especially in hotter climates.
- Managing Sleep: Jet lag and new environments can disrupt sleep. Prioritise a regular sleep schedule, create a dark and quiet bedroom, and avoid caffeine and heavy meals before bed.
- Staying Active: Explore your new surroundings on foot, join a local gym or sports club, or find online fitness classes. Regular activity is vital for both physical and mental health.
- Mental Wellbeing: Moving abroad can be isolating. Make a conscious effort to build a social network, stay connected with loved ones back home, and be patient with yourself as you adapt to a new culture. Don't hesitate to use the mental health support services included in your insurance policy.
Can I use my UK PMI policy if I fall ill on holiday abroad?
Generally, no. A standard UK Private Medical Insurance policy is designed to cover treatment within the United Kingdom only. Some policies may offer a very limited emergency overseas cover, but this is not comprehensive. For medical emergencies on a short-term holiday, you need dedicated travel insurance.
I'm moving abroad for two years. Can I just keep my UK PMI policy?
No. UK PMI policies require you to be a permanent resident of the UK. Once you move abroad, your policy will no longer be valid. You will need to cancel it and purchase an International Private Medical Insurance (IPMI) policy to be covered in your new country of residence.
Does International PMI cover pre-existing medical conditions?
It can, but it is not guaranteed. Unlike UK PMI, which almost always excludes pre-existing conditions, some IPMI providers are willing to offer cover. This will require you to complete a Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) questionnaire. The insurer may then offer to cover your condition, often for a significantly higher premium, or they may apply a specific exclusion. It is vital to be completely honest during this process.
What is the difference between International PMI and 'expat health insurance'?
They are essentially the same thing. 'International Private Medical Insurance' (IPMI) is the formal industry term for this type of global health cover. 'Expat health insurance' is a more colloquial term used to describe it. If you see a policy labelled as expat health insurance, it is an IPMI plan designed for those living outside their home nation.
Take the Next Step with Confidence
Feeling overwhelmed? You're not alone. Choosing between UK PMI and International PMI is a significant decision that hinges on your personal circumstances.
Let the experts at WeCovr simplify the process. We'll help you compare leading policies, understand the costs, and find the perfect private health cover for your life, wherever it takes you.
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