TL;DR
As an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 900,000 policies, WeCovr understands that choosing the right private medical insurance in the UK is a critical decision for any organisation. For larger businesses and associations, moving beyond traditional insurance to a healthcare trust can unlock significant savings and flexibility. How businesses and associations can manage group PMI in trusts For decades, UK businesses have relied on traditional group private medical insurance (PMI) to support their employees' health.
Key takeaways
- Traditional PMI: You pay a fixed fee to join a large health club you might not fully use. The club owner keeps any profit.
- Healthcare Trust: You create your own private gym for your community. You control the equipment, the rules, and you keep any money left over at the end of the year.
- Funding: The company makes regular contributions into the trust fund. The amount is carefully calculated based on the expected level of claims for the year.
- Administration: When an employee needs treatment, they make a claim. This is not handled by the company's HR department, but by a professional Third-Party Administrator (TPA) who manages the process just like an insurer would.
- Payment: The TPA approves the eligible claim and pays the hospital or specialist directly from the trust fund.
As an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 900,000 policies, WeCovr understands that choosing the right private medical insurance in the UK is a critical decision for any organisation. For larger businesses and associations, moving beyond traditional insurance to a healthcare trust can unlock significant savings and flexibility.
How businesses and associations can manage group PMI in trusts
For decades, UK businesses have relied on traditional group private medical insurance (PMI) to support their employees' health. You pay a premium to an insurer, and they take on the risk, paying out for eligible claims. It's a simple, predictable model.
However, for larger organisations—typically those with 100 or more employees—there is a powerful alternative: a Healthcare Trust.
A healthcare trust is a self-funding mechanism where, instead of paying premiums to an insurer, a company puts money into a dedicated legal trust. This fund is then used to pay for the private medical treatment of its members (employees and often their families).
Think of it this way:
- Traditional PMI: You pay a fixed fee to join a large health club you might not fully use. The club owner keeps any profit.
- Healthcare Trust: You create your own private gym for your community. You control the equipment, the rules, and you keep any money left over at the end of the year.
This approach offers a level of control, flexibility, and potential cost-saving that is simply unattainable with standard insured policies. It allows a business to become the master of its own health benefits destiny.
What is a Healthcare Trust? A Plain English Guide
At its core, a healthcare trust is a form of self-insurance. It's a legal entity, separate from the business, established with the sole purpose of holding and disbursing funds for the healthcare needs of a defined group of beneficiaries (your employees).
Here’s the process in a nutshell:
- Funding: The company makes regular contributions into the trust fund. The amount is carefully calculated based on the expected level of claims for the year.
- Administration: When an employee needs treatment, they make a claim. This is not handled by the company's HR department, but by a professional Third-Party Administrator (TPA) who manages the process just like an insurer would.
- Payment: The TPA approves the eligible claim and pays the hospital or specialist directly from the trust fund.
- Protection: To guard against a year of unexpectedly high claims, the trust is protected by a special "stop-loss" insurance policy.
- Surplus: If claims are lower than expected at the end of the year, the leftover money (surplus) remains in the trust. It belongs to the company and can be used to reduce future contributions or enhance benefits.
This model shifts the financial risk from an external insurer to the company itself, but in a managed and capped way. In return, the company gains transparency, control, and the financial rewards of a healthy workforce.
Traditional Insured PMI vs. Healthcare Trusts: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Understanding the fundamental differences between these two models is key to deciding which path is right for your organisation. While both aim to provide access to private healthcare, they operate in vastly different ways.
| Feature | Traditional Insured Group PMI | Healthcare Trust |
|---|---|---|
| Funding Model | Fixed annual premiums paid to an insurer. | Contributions made to a company-owned trust fund. |
| Financial Risk | The insurer bears all the risk of claims. | The company bears the risk, capped by stop-loss insurance. |
| Cost Control | Limited control; premiums are set by the insurer based on market rates and claims history. | Direct control over funding. Potential for significant savings if claims are low. |
| Surplus Funds | The insurer retains all underwriting profit if claims are lower than premiums. | The company retains 100% of any surplus funds within the trust. |
| Flexibility | Benefits are chosen from pre-set menus and policy tiers. | Fully bespoke. Benefits can be designed from the ground up to suit the workforce. |
| Taxation | Premiums are subject to Insurance Premium Tax (IPT), currently 12%. | Contributions are not subject to IPT, offering an immediate 12% saving. |
| Data & Insights | Limited, high-level claims data provided by the insurer. | Full, anonymised visibility of claims data, enabling targeted wellness initiatives. |
| Ideal For | Small, medium, and large businesses seeking budget certainty. | Larger businesses (typically 100+ employees) seeking control, flexibility, and long-term value. |
The Key Benefits of Choosing a Healthcare Trust
For the right organisation, a trust isn't just a different way to pay for healthcare—it's a strategic tool for managing costs and improving employee wellbeing.
1. Significant Cost Savings and Financial Control
This is often the primary driver for considering a trust.
- No Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) (illustrative): With IPT at 12%, a company spending £200,000 on premiums immediately saves £24,000 by switching to a trust. This is a direct, tangible saving.
- Retain Your Surplus: In a good year with low claims, the surplus funds are yours. A traditional insurer would simply pocket this as profit. With a trust, this money can be rolled over to reduce the following year's funding, stabilising costs over the long term.
- Direct Link to Employee Health: Because you see the (anonymised) claims data, you can invest in wellness programmes that directly address the health issues your team is facing. By reducing the incidence of claims, you lower the trust's costs—a virtuous cycle.
2. Unmatched Flexibility and Bespoke Benefits
Standard private health cover often forces you into a "gold, silver, or bronze" package. A trust liberates you from this.
- Design Your Own Scheme: You decide what's covered. Want to include advanced dental, full menopause support, or access to specific fertility treatments that are often excluded from standard PMI? You can build it in.
- Adapt to Your Workforce: A young tech company might prioritise mental health and physiotherapy, while a manufacturing firm might focus on musculoskeletal support. A trust allows you to tailor the benefits to your actual demographic, rather than a generic profile.
- Set Your Own Rules: You can define the claims process, hospital lists, and excess levels in a way that works for your culture and budget.
3. Complete Transparency
With a traditional policy, you pay your premium and have little idea of where the money goes. A trust opens the books.
- Detailed Reporting: Your TPA will provide regular, detailed (but always anonymised) reports on claims patterns. You'll see what conditions are being claimed for, which treatments are most common, and the average cost per claim.
- Informed Decision-Making: This data is invaluable. A spike in stress-related claims might prompt you to enhance your Employee Assistance Programme (EAP). A rise in back-pain claims could lead to an investment in better office ergonomics. You can manage your workforce's health proactively, not reactively.
An expert broker like WeCovr can help you analyse this data, turning insights into actionable strategies that benefit both your employees and your bottom line.
Understanding the Risks and Drawbacks of Healthcare Trusts
While the benefits are compelling, a trust is not without its risks. It's crucial to approach this model with a clear understanding of the potential downsides.
Financial Volatility
The biggest risk is that claims in a given year are higher than anticipated. If the total cost of claims exceeds the funds you've put in, the company is liable for the shortfall (up to the point where stop-loss insurance kicks in). This is why trusts are not typically recommended for smaller companies; their smaller pool of employees means a single large claim can have a huge proportional impact. For a group of 500, however, the risk is spread much more widely.
Administrative Responsibility
Running a trust carries legal and administrative duties. A Trust Deed must be established, and Trustees must be appointed to govern it. While your TPA handles the day-to-day work, the ultimate responsibility lies with the Trustees. This is not an onerous task for a well-run business, but it is a formal responsibility that must be taken seriously.
The Critical Role of Stop-Loss Insurance
No responsible organisation should run a healthcare trust without stop-loss insurance. This is your financial safety net, protecting the trust from catastrophic claims. There are two types:
- Specific Stop-Loss (or Individual Stop-Loss): This protects you against a large claim from a single individual. For example, the policy might cover all costs for one person that exceed £25,000 in a year. This prevents a single complex cancer case or serious accident from draining the fund.
- Aggregate Stop-Loss: This protects you against a high volume of claims across the whole group. It triggers if the total claims for the year exceed a certain percentage of the expected amount (e.g., 125% of the initial funding).
Stop-loss insurance turns an unknown risk (unlimited claims) into a known, manageable cost (the stop-loss premium plus the maximum liability).
Is a Healthcare Trust Right for Your Organisation?
A healthcare trust is a powerful but specialised tool. Before proceeding, ask yourself these key questions:
- Are we large enough? Most providers and brokers suggest a minimum of 100 members, with 250+ being a more comfortable starting point. The "law of large numbers" means claims become more predictable as the group size increases.
- Do we have a stable workforce? Trusts perform best in organisations with relatively low staff turnover.
- Are we taking a long-term view? The financial benefits of a trust often build over several years as you accumulate surplus and use data to improve health. It's a strategic commitment, not a one-year cost-cutting exercise.
- Is our cash flow robust enough? Can the business comfortably handle the funding contributions and the potential (though capped) risk of a high-claims year?
- Do we want more control? Is your organisation frustrated by rising premiums and a lack of flexibility from traditional insurers? Do you want to take a more hands-on approach to employee health?
If you answered "yes" to most of these, a healthcare trust could be an excellent fit.
Setting Up Your Healthcare Trust: A Step-by-Step Guide
The process of establishing a trust is methodical and requires expert guidance. Here is a typical roadmap:
- Initial Consultation & Feasibility: The journey begins with a deep dive into your organisation. An expert PMI broker will analyse your current PMI scheme (if you have one), your claims history, and your workforce demographics. This analysis determines if a trust is financially viable and projects the likely funding level.
- Appoint Trustees: The company must appoint Trustees to oversee the trust. These are often senior figures within the business (like the Finance and HR Directors) who have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the members.
- Draft the Trust Deed & Rules: This is the critical legal document that acts as the trust's constitution. It is drafted by specialist solicitors and outlines everything: who is eligible, the exact benefits covered, how claims are made, and the powers of the Trustees.
- Select a Third-Party Administrator (TPA): You need to choose a partner to run the scheme. The TPA provides the claims-handling expertise, member helplines, hospital network access, and reporting. This is a crucial decision, as the TPA is the "face" of the scheme to your employees.
- Secure Stop-Loss Insurance: Your broker will go to the specialist market to find the most appropriate and cost-effective stop-loss cover to protect your trust fund from high claims.
- Calculate and Agree on Funding: Based on actuarial data, a final funding level is agreed. This includes the expected claims cost, the TPA's administration fee, and the stop-loss insurance premium. The company then begins making contributions to the trust's dedicated bank account.
- Launch and Communicate: The final step is to communicate the new scheme to employees. This involves clear documentation, presentations, and ensuring everyone understands how to access their new benefits. A smooth rollout is vital for employee buy-in.
The Crucial Distinction: Acute vs. Chronic Conditions in UK PMI
It is absolutely vital to understand a fundamental principle of all UK private medical insurance, whether it's a traditional policy or a healthcare trust.
PMI is designed to cover acute conditions that arise after the policy or trust membership begins.
- An acute condition is an illness, disease, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and from which you are expected to return to your previous state of health. Examples include a hernia, appendicitis, joint replacement, or cataract surgery.
- A chronic condition is an illness that is long-lasting, has no known cure, and needs to be managed through ongoing monitoring and treatment. Examples include diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, and most forms of arthritis.
Standard UK private medical insurance does not cover the management of chronic conditions. It also generally excludes pre-existing conditions—any medical issue you had before joining. While a trust offers great flexibility, it does not change this core principle. It is a vehicle for funding treatment for new, curable conditions, speeding up access to care and bypassing NHS waiting lists.
According to NHS Digital data from 2023, there were a record 7.6 million people on NHS waiting lists in England. A trust, like PMI, provides a valuable route to faster treatment for eligible acute conditions, helping employees get back on their feet sooner.
Enhancing Employee Wellbeing with a Healthcare Trust
One of the most exciting aspects of a healthcare trust is its potential as a wellness engine. Because you own the data, you can build a health and wellbeing strategy that is truly evidence-based.
| Data Insight (Anonymised) | Potential Company Action | Potential Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| High number of claims for physiotherapy for back and neck pain. | Invest in ergonomic desk assessments and provide subsidies for standing desks. | Reduced musculoskeletal issues, improved productivity, lower future claims. |
| Increase in queries related to stress and anxiety. | Launch a mental health awareness campaign and promote the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP). | Improved employee morale, reduced absenteeism, better staff retention. |
| Several claims for cardiac investigations. | Introduce voluntary health screenings and run "healthy heart" workshops focused on diet and exercise. | Early detection of issues, healthier lifestyle choices, prevention of more serious future claims. |
This proactive approach turns the benefits scheme from a passive safety net into an active tool for improving workforce health. It creates a powerful feedback loop where investing in wellness directly translates into lower claims costs and a surplus in the trust fund.
Furthermore, partners like WeCovr can enhance this by providing complimentary access to wellness tools like the CalorieHero AI calorie tracking app, encouraging healthier habits at no extra cost to your business or employees.
Real-World Scenario: A Logistics Firm's Journey to a Trust
Let's imagine "UK Haulage Ltd," a logistics company with 600 employees, mostly drivers and warehouse staff.
- The Problem: Their group PMI premium had risen by over 15% for three consecutive years, despite claims being relatively stable. Their insurer cited "medical inflation" and "market trends." They had a standard policy that didn't fully address the specific needs of their workforce, such as rapid access to musculoskeletal treatment.
- The Solution (illustrative): They engaged WeCovr to conduct a feasibility study for a healthcare trust. The analysis showed that their claims history was predictable and that a trust, even after accounting for admin and stop-loss costs, could save them over £70,000 in the first year, primarily through the 12% IPT saving.
- The Process:
- They established a trust managed by their Finance Director, Operations Director, and an independent trustee.
- They chose a TPA known for its excellent support for remote workforces.
- They designed a bespoke benefits package with an enhanced focus on physiotherapy and mental health support for lone workers.
- Illustrative estimate: Stop-loss insurance was secured to cap any individual's claim at £30,000 and the total fund's exposure at 120% of expected claims.
- The Outcome: In the first year, claims came in at 90% of the funded level. UK Haulage Ltd not only made the initial projected savings but also finished the year with a six-figure surplus, which was rolled over to smooth out the cost for year two. Using the claims data, they identified that a high proportion of their drivers were suffering from back issues and invested in a programme to install better ergonomic seats in their vehicle fleet.
This is a perfect example of a trust empowering a business to take control of its health expenditure and link it directly to a tangible, preventative wellness strategy.
What's the minimum company size for a healthcare trust in the UK?
Is a healthcare trust regulated by the FCA?
Do healthcare trusts cover pre-existing or chronic conditions?
Can our company switch back to an insured PMI policy from a trust?
Ready to explore if a healthcare trust could give your business more control, flexibility, and better value? Making this decision requires specialist expertise.
The professional team at WeCovr offers a free, no-obligation consultation to assess your organisation's unique needs. We can analyse your current situation and provide a clear comparison of a trust versus a traditional policy. Get your free quote today and take the first step towards a smarter health benefits strategy for your team.
Sources
- Office for National Statistics (ONS): Inflation, earnings, and household statistics.
- HM Treasury / HMRC: Policy and tax guidance referenced in this topic.
- Financial Conduct Authority (FCA): Consumer financial guidance and regulatory publications.







