
As an FCA-authorised expert with over 900,000 policies arranged, WeCovr helps demystify the choices you face when buying private medical insurance in the UK. One of the biggest decisions is selecting the right type of underwriting. This guide breaks down everything you need to know about Full Medical Underwriting and Moratorium underwriting.
Choosing your private medical insurance (PMI) is a significant step towards taking control of your health. But before you can access fast-track consultations and private hospital rooms, you'll encounter a crucial term: underwriting.
Underwriting is simply the process an insurer uses to assess your health and medical history. This helps them decide what they can and can't cover on your policy and at what price. The two main ways they do this in the UK are Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) and Moratorium (MORI) Underwriting.
The choice you make has a major impact on what your policy covers, how quickly it's set up, and what happens when you need to make a claim. Let's break down the differences to help you decide which path is right for you.
Before we dive into the details, it's vital to understand a fundamental principle of standard UK private medical insurance:
PMI is designed to cover new, acute conditions that arise after your policy begins.
An acute condition is a disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery (like a cataract or a hernia). PMI does not cover chronic conditions – long-term illnesses that have no known cure and need ongoing management, such as diabetes, asthma, or high blood pressure. It also does not cover pre-existing conditions unless they are specifically accepted by the insurer, which is rare. Understanding this distinction is key to having the right expectations for your health cover.
Full Medical Underwriting is exactly what it sounds like: a complete, upfront review of your medical history. It’s the more traditional approach, favouring total transparency from the outset.
The process is straightforward but requires some effort on your part:
Example: Sarah, a 48-year-old marketing director, had physiotherapy for knee pain three years ago. On her FMU application, she declares this. The insurer might review her GP records and decide to place an exclusion on her policy for any future knee-related problems. From day one, Sarah knows exactly where she stands: her policy will cover a new hip problem, but not a flare-up of her old knee trouble.
| Feature | Pros (The Good Bits) | Cons (The Downsides) |
|---|---|---|
| Clarity | ✅ Crystal Clear Cover: You know precisely what is and isn't covered from the very beginning. No nasty surprises when you claim. | ❌ Potential for Exclusions: Conditions you might have considered minor could be permanently excluded. |
| Process | ✅ Smoother Claims: As the insurer already has your medical history, claims are often processed faster without the need for deep investigation. | ❌ Upfront Admin: It takes time and effort to complete the detailed forms accurately. |
| Setup Time | ✅ Thorough Review: The insurer has a complete picture, leading to a tailored policy. | ❌ Slower Start: The policy can take longer to issue while the insurer reviews your details and potentially contacts your GP. |
| Privacy | ✅ One-Time Disclosure: You deal with the medical questions once at the start. | ❌ Intrusive Questions: You have to share personal and sometimes sensitive medical information. |
FMU is often the best choice for individuals who:
Moratorium underwriting is the most common type for individual PMI policies in the UK. It’s a faster, less invasive way to get cover, but it comes with a trade-off: a lack of initial certainty.
With a moratorium policy, you don't complete a detailed health questionnaire. Instead, the policy automatically excludes any medical conditions for which you have had symptoms, treatment, medication, or advice in the five years before the policy start date.
Here's the key part: these conditions can become eligible for cover later on, subject to two main rules:
If you meet both these criteria, the condition may no longer be considered pre-existing and could be covered in the future. This is often referred to as a "rolling" moratorium because the two-year clock can restart if you have a flare-up or seek advice for the condition.
Example: David, a 32-year-old software developer, takes out a moratorium policy. Four years ago, he saw his GP for occasional migraines. For the first two years of his policy, any claims related to headaches or migraines would be automatically rejected. However, if David goes for two full years on the policy without seeking any treatment, medication, or advice for his migraines, they could then become eligible for cover in his third year.
| Feature | Pros (The Good Bits) | Cons (The Downsides) |
|---|---|---|
| Clarity | ✅ Potential for Future Cover: Old conditions can become covered over time if you stay well. | ❌ Uncertainty at Claim Time: You don't know for sure if a condition is covered until you make a claim and the insurer investigates your history. |
| Process | ✅ Quick and Easy Setup: You can get covered in minutes with no lengthy forms. | ❌ Claims Can Be Delayed: The underwriting happens at the point of claim, which can be a stressful and slow process. |
| Setup Time | ✅ Immediate Cover: Your policy can be up and running very quickly. | ❌ The "Rolling" Clause: The 2-year symptom-free clock can be reset by a minor consultation, pushing back potential cover. |
| Privacy | ✅ Less Intrusive: You don't have to disclose your full medical history at the start. | ❌ History is Investigated Later: The insurer will ask for access to your medical records when you claim. |
MORI is often a great fit for people who:
| Aspect | Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) | Moratorium Underwriting (MORI) |
|---|---|---|
| Application Process | Detailed health questionnaire required. | No medical questionnaire at the start. |
| Speed of Setup | Slower (days or weeks). | Fast (minutes or hours). |
| Clarity of Cover | High – you know exactly what’s excluded from day one. | Low – cover is determined at the point of claim. |
| Claim Process | Generally faster, as underwriting is already done. | Slower, as insurer investigates your history when you claim. |
| Privacy | Intrusive at the start, less so at claim time. | Less intrusive at the start, more so at claim time. |
| Pre-existing Conditions | Explicitly excluded in writing from the start. | Automatically excluded for a set period, but can become eligible for cover later if you remain symptom-free. |
| Best For | People who want certainty and don't mind upfront admin. | Healthy people who want a quick setup and are comfortable with some ambiguity. |
The choice between FMU and MORI is deeply personal. There is no single "best" option—only what's best for you.
This is where an expert PMI broker like WeCovr becomes invaluable. Our specialists can discuss your personal circumstances, explain the nuances of policies from different providers like Aviva, Bupa, and Vitality, and help you make an informed decision. We compare the market for you, ensuring you get the right cover at a competitive price—all at no cost to you.
While underwriting is a cornerstone of your policy, other choices will also define your cover and premium:
Private medical insurance is there for when things go wrong, but living a healthy lifestyle can reduce your chances of needing it. Small, consistent habits can have a profound impact on your long-term well-being.
When you purchase a policy through WeCovr, you not only gain peace of mind but also discounts on other insurance products, helping you protect your family and your finances in a holistic way.
The NHS is a national treasure, but it is facing unprecedented pressure. According to the latest NHS England data, the waiting list for consultant-led elective care stands at over 7.5 million. For many, this uncertainty is the primary driver for considering private medical insurance.
The Association of British Insurers (ABI) notes that around 1.7 million people in the UK have a private medical insurance policy, with insurers paying out over £7.6 million every day for treatments. This investment allows people to bypass long waits for diagnosis and treatment, giving them control, choice, and a quicker return to their normal lives.
Understanding the difference between Full Medical Underwriting and Moratorium underwriting is the key to unlocking the right private health cover for you and your family. The choice defines the balance between upfront admin and future certainty.
Navigating this decision doesn't have to be complicated. The expert team at WeCovr is here to provide free, friendly, and impartial advice. We'll help you compare leading UK providers, tailor a policy to your needs and budget, and answer all your questions.
Contact WeCovr today for your free, no-obligation quote and gain the peace of mind that comes with having the right health protection in place.






