Receiving a letter stating your private medical insurance claim has been rejected can be incredibly stressful, especially when you're unwell. As an FCA-authorised broker that has arranged over 900,000 policies, WeCovr understands your frustration. This comprehensive guide explains why UK insurers might refuse a claim and what you can do about it.
WeCovr explains your rights and next steps after a rejected claim
A rejected claim isn't necessarily the final word. You have clear rights and a structured path to appeal the decision. The key is to act methodically, not emotionally. The process involves understanding the insurer's reasoning, reviewing your policy, gathering your evidence, and following a formal complaints procedure.
This article will walk you through each step, empowering you with the knowledge to challenge a decision you believe is unfair. We'll demystify the jargon and explain the common pitfalls so you can navigate the process with confidence.
Why Might a Health Insurance Claim Be Rejected?
Understanding the "why" behind a rejection is the first step to resolving it. Insurers don't refuse claims lightly; they follow the specific terms and conditions of your policy. Here are the most common reasons a claim might be turned down in the UK.
The Crucial Distinction: Acute vs. Chronic Conditions
This is the single most important concept to grasp about private medical insurance (PMI) in the UK. Standard policies are designed to cover acute conditions, not chronic conditions.
- An acute condition is a disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery. Think of conditions like a cataract, a hernia, or a joint needing replacement.
- A chronic condition is an illness that continues for a long time, often for the rest of a person's life. It can be managed with treatment and medication, but it cannot be cured. Examples include diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, and Crohn's disease.
| Feature | Acute Condition | Chronic Condition |
|---|
| Nature | Sudden onset, short duration | Long-lasting, often for life |
| Treatment Goal | To cure and return you to your previous state of health | To manage symptoms and prevent complications |
| PMI Coverage | Generally Covered | Generally Excluded |
| Examples | Appendicitis, broken bone, infections | Diabetes, asthma, arthritis, hypertension |
A claim might be rejected if the insurer's medical team determines that your condition has become chronic. For instance, they might initially cover diagnostic tests and consultations for a new symptom, but if it's diagnosed as a long-term manageable condition like arthritis, they will cease cover for its ongoing management.
Pre-existing Conditions
A pre-existing condition is any disease, illness, or injury for which you have experienced symptoms, received medication, advice, or treatment before your policy start date. Standard UK PMI policies almost always exclude pre-existing conditions, at least for an initial period.
How insurers handle this depends on your type of underwriting:
-
Moratorium Underwriting: This is the most common type. It automatically excludes any condition you've had in the five years before your policy began. However, if you then go for a continuous two-year period after your policy starts without any symptoms, treatment, or advice for that condition, it may become eligible for cover. This is often called the "2-year rule."
-
Full Medical Underwriting (FMU): With FMU, you complete a detailed health questionnaire when you apply. You must declare your entire medical history. The insurer then assesses your health and explicitly states what is and isn't covered from the outset. It provides certainty but can lead to permanent exclusions for certain conditions.
| Underwriting Type | How It Works | Pros | Cons |
|---|
| Moratorium | Automatically excludes conditions from the last 5 years. Cover may be added after a 2-year symptom-free period. | Quicker application process, no initial medical forms. | Less certainty at the point of claim; a condition you thought was old may be linked to a new symptom. |
| Full Medical (FMU) | You declare your full medical history upfront. The insurer gives you a clear list of what is excluded. | Complete certainty from day one about what is covered. | Longer application process. Can lead to permanent exclusions. |
A claim will be rejected if it relates to a condition that is excluded under the terms of your underwriting.
Non-Disclosure or Misrepresentation
When you apply for private health cover, you have a "duty of fair presentation." This means you must answer all questions from the insurer honestly and completely.
A claim can be rejected if the insurer discovers you failed to disclose relevant medical information, even if it was an honest mistake. This is called non-disclosure or misrepresentation.
Examples of Non-Disclosure:
- Forgetting to mention a consultation with a physiotherapist for a bad back two years ago.
- Downplaying recurring headaches as "just stress" when you've seen a GP about them.
- Not declaring a medication you were prescribed, even if you only took it for a short time.
If the non-disclosed information would have affected the insurer's decision to offer you cover (or the terms they offered), they have the right to reject a related claim or, in serious cases, void the policy entirely. This is a key area where using an expert PMI broker like WeCovr can be invaluable, as we guide you through the application to ensure it's accurate.
Policy Exclusions and Limits
Every PMI policy contains a list of general exclusions—treatments and conditions that are never covered. It's vital to read your policy documents to understand these.
Common General Exclusions:
- Routine pregnancy and childbirth
- Cosmetic surgery (unless for reconstruction after an accident or eligible surgery)
- Treatment for addictions (drugs, alcohol)
- Self-inflicted injuries
- Experimental or unproven treatments
- Professional sports injuries
- Screening and preventative check-ups (unless the policy has a specific wellness benefit)
Beyond general exclusions, your policy will have limits. These are caps on how much the insurer will pay.
Common Policy Limits:
- Annual Overall Limit: A maximum total amount the policy will pay out per person, per year (e.g., £1 million or 'unlimited').
- Outpatient Limit: A cap on costs for consultations and diagnostics that don't require a hospital bed. This could be a financial limit (e.g., £1,000 per year) or a limit on the number of sessions. This is a very common reason for rejection, as people often reach their outpatient limit without realising.
- Therapy Limits: Specific limits for treatments like physiotherapy or osteopathy (e.g., up to 8 sessions per year).
If your claim is for an excluded treatment or exceeds your policy's financial limits, it will be refused.
Treatment Not Deemed Medically Necessary
Insurers cover treatments that are established, effective, and necessary for your condition. They may reject a claim for a procedure or therapy if they, or their panel of medical experts, deem it to be:
- Experimental: Not yet proven to be effective or approved by bodies like NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence).
- Not the standard procedure: If your specialist recommends a highly unusual or costly treatment when a standard, equally effective alternative exists.
- Lifestyle-based: Such as cosmetic surgery for aesthetic reasons.
The insurer's decision is usually based on established medical practice in the UK.
Administrative Errors
Sometimes, a rejection is simply down to a mistake or missing information. These are usually the easiest issues to resolve.
- Incorrect policy number on the form.
- Missing referral letter from your GP.
- Incomplete information from your specialist.
- The provider's invoice was sent to the wrong department.
Always check for simple administrative errors first, as a quick phone call can often sort them out.
Your Step-by-Step Guide to Challenging a Rejected Claim
If your claim has been rejected and you believe the decision is wrong, follow this structured process. Keep records of every conversation and piece of correspondence.
Step 1: Don't Panic – Read the Rejection Letter Carefully
The first thing to do is take a deep breath and read the letter or email from your insurer thoroughly. By law, they must give you a clear reason for the rejection and reference the specific clause or exclusion in your policy that applies. Identify exactly why they have made this decision. Is it a pre-existing condition? Have you hit an outpatient limit? Do they consider the condition chronic?
Step 2: Review Your Policy Documents
Find your policy documents, including the main Terms and Conditions booklet and your Insurance Product Information Document (IPID). The IPID is a short, plain-language summary of your cover. Compare the insurer's reason for rejection with the wording in your policy. Does it match up? Is there any ambiguity? You are checking to see if their interpretation seems fair and correct based on the contract you signed.
Step 3: Gather Your Evidence
This is the most critical step. To build a strong case, you need evidence. Collect everything related to your claim and your policy:
- The rejection letter from your insurer.
- Your policy documents, schedule, and original application form.
- All correspondence with the insurer.
- A timeline of your condition: Note down when symptoms started, when you saw your GP, and when you were referred to a specialist.
- Letters from your GP or Specialist: This can be powerful evidence. For example, if the insurer claims your condition is pre-existing, a letter from your specialist confirming it's a new and distinct medical issue can overturn the decision. You can ask your specialist to write a letter of support for your appeal.
- Your medical records: You have the right to request your medical records from your GP or hospital through a Subject Access Request (SAR). This is free of charge.
Start with an informal approach. Call the claims department and ask them to explain the decision again. It's possible there has been a simple misunderstanding that can be cleared up over the phone.
- Be polite, calm, and clear.
- Have your policy number and evidence in front of you.
- Explain why you disagree with their decision.
- Take detailed notes: the date, time, and name of the person you spoke with, and a summary of the conversation.
- Follow up the call with an email summarising what was discussed and agreed upon. This creates a written record.
If the informal call doesn't resolve the issue, you need to raise a formal complaint. Every insurer must have a clear, documented complaints procedure. You can usually find this on their website.
Write a formal complaint letter or email. In it, you should:
- State clearly at the top that this is a "Formal Complaint."
- Include your name, address, and policy number.
- Outline the facts of the case chronologically and concisely.
- Explain why you believe the claim rejection is wrong, referencing your policy wording and the evidence you have gathered.
- Be specific about what you want – for the insurer to reconsider and pay the claim.
- Attach copies of all your evidence (don't send originals).
Under rules set by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the insurer has eight weeks from the date they receive your complaint to provide you with a "final response."
Step 6: Escalate to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS)
If you are unhappy with the insurer's final response, or if they fail to provide one within eight weeks, you can take your case to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS).
- What is the FOS? The FOS is a free, independent, and impartial service that settles disputes between consumers and financial services businesses, including insurance companies.
- How does it work? You submit your complaint to the FOS online or by post. An adjudicator will review the evidence from both you and the insurer. They don't just look at the legal technicalities; they also consider what is "fair and reasonable" in all the circumstances.
- What can they do? If the FOS agrees with you, their decision is binding on the insurer. They can order the company to pay your claim, pay interest, and even pay you compensation for any distress or inconvenience caused.
According to the FOS's annual complaints data for 2022/2023, they received 1,323 new complaints about private medical and dental insurance, and the uphold rate (the percentage of cases decided in the consumer's favour) was 28%. This shows that nearly a third of escalated complaints are successful, so it is well worth pursuing if you have a strong case.
The Role of a PMI Broker in Preventing and Resolving Claim Issues
Navigating the world of private medical insurance UK can be complex. This is where an independent PMI broker like WeCovr can be a powerful ally.
1. Prevention: Getting it Right from the Start
The best way to avoid a rejected claim is to have the right policy in the first place.
- Expert Advice: We help you compare different policies and providers to find cover that genuinely matches your needs and budget.
- Understanding the Fine Print: We explain the key exclusions, limits, and underwriting terms in plain English, so there are no surprises later.
- Application Support: We assist you with the application form, ensuring you answer all questions accurately. This significantly reduces the risk of a claim being rejected for non-disclosure.
2. Support: Having an Expert in Your Corner
If you buy a policy through WeCovr and face a claim issue, you're not on your own.
- Advocacy: We can act as an intermediary between you and the insurer. We have dedicated broker support contacts at major insurance companies that you as an individual cannot access.
- Guidance: We can help you understand the insurer's decision and guide you through the complaints and appeals process, leveraging our experience to help build your case.
Using a broker costs you nothing extra—our commission is paid by the insurer—but the expertise and support can be priceless, especially when things go wrong.
Proactive Health Management: Reducing Your Need to Claim
While having robust private health cover provides peace of mind, the ultimate goal is to stay healthy. A proactive approach to your wellbeing can reduce your reliance on medical services and, therefore, the need to claim.
- Balanced Diet: Following principles like the NHS Eatwell Guide, which promotes a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, can significantly lower your risk of developing chronic diseases. To support our clients, WeCovr provides complimentary access to CalorieHero, our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, to help you make informed dietary choices.
- Regular Physical Activity: The NHS recommends adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity (like brisk walking or cycling) or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity (like running) a week. Regular exercise boosts cardiovascular health, strengthens bones, and improves mental wellbeing.
- Prioritise Sleep: Most adults need 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Poor sleep is linked to a host of health problems, including a weakened immune system, high blood pressure, and mental health issues.
- Manage Stress: Chronic stress can have a physical impact on your body. Techniques like mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or simply spending time in nature can help manage stress levels effectively.
By taking care of your health, you not only improve your quality of life but also make your health insurance more affordable in the long run. As a bonus, WeCovr clients who purchase PMI or Life Insurance are often eligible for discounts on other types of cover, rewarding you for taking a comprehensive approach to your protection.
Real-Life Scenarios: When Claims Get Complicated
Let's look at some anonymised examples to see how these principles apply in the real world.
Scenario 1: The Pre-existing Grey Area
- The Case: John, 45, takes out a PMI policy with moratorium underwriting. A year later, he develops severe sciatic pain and his specialist recommends an MRI and injections. The insurer rejects the claim, stating it's pre-existing because John's GP records show a visit for "minor backache" three years ago.
- The Appeal: John, with help from his broker, obtains a letter from his specialist. The letter clarifies that the previous issue was a simple muscular strain, whereas the new problem is a distinct pathological issue—a slipped disc—and is therefore an entirely new, acute condition.
- The Outcome: Faced with clear clinical evidence from a specialist, the insurer reconsiders and approves the claim for the MRI and subsequent treatment.
Scenario 2: The Outpatient Limit Misunderstanding
- The Case: Sarah, 38, has a policy with a £1,000 annual limit for outpatient services. She sees a specialist (£250), has an MRI scan (£500), and then has a follow-up consultation (£250). Her specialist recommends a course of six physiotherapy sessions. The insurer pays for the consultations and scan but rejects the physiotherapy claim.
- The Reason: Sarah has already used her full £1,000 outpatient limit (£250 + £500 + £250). The physiotherapy, being an outpatient treatment, is therefore not covered.
- The Lesson: This wasn't an unfair rejection, but a misunderstanding of the policy terms. It highlights the importance of tracking your usage against your policy limits, especially on more basic plans. A good broker would have highlighted this limit at the point of sale.
Scenario 3: The Acute vs. Chronic Debate
- The Case: David, 55, is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. His PMI provider authorises the initial diagnostic tests and treatment to bring the flare-up under control. After three months, they write to him to state that the condition is now considered chronic and stable, and they will no longer cover its ongoing management or medication.
- The Challenge: David feels this is unfair as he still needs regular check-ups. He complains, arguing the condition isn't fully "managed."
- The Outcome: This is a complex area. The insurer is acting within the standard rules of UK PMI by ceasing cover once a condition is deemed chronic. The FOS, if involved, would look at whether the insurer's decision was clinically reasonable and if they communicated the change in cover clearly and fairly. In most cases, the insurer's decision would likely be upheld, as PMI is not designed for long-term chronic care.
Can my insurer cancel my policy if I make a complaint?
Absolutely not. You have a regulatory right to complain about a service you are unhappy with. Your insurer cannot penalise you, increase your premiums, or cancel your policy simply because you have made a complaint or escalated it to the Financial Ombudsman Service. If they attempted to do so, the FOS would take an extremely dim view of their conduct.
How long does the health insurance complaints process take?
The process has defined timelines. Once you make a formal complaint, the insurer has up to eight weeks to issue a final response. If you are not satisfied and escalate your case to the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), the timeline can vary. Simple cases might be resolved in a few months, but more complex cases requiring detailed medical evidence can take significantly longer, sometimes up to a year.
What's the difference between a pre-existing condition and a chronic condition?
This is a crucial distinction. A pre-existing condition is defined by when you had it – it's any medical issue you had symptoms, treatment, or advice for before your policy started. A chronic condition is defined by what it is – a long-term illness that can be managed but not cured, like diabetes or asthma. A condition can be both (e.g., asthma you had before the policy started), or it could be a new chronic condition diagnosed after your policy began. Standard UK private medical insurance generally excludes cover for both.
Do I have to pay to use the Financial Ombudsman Service?
No, the service provided by the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) is completely free for consumers to use. Its operating costs are funded by levies on the financial firms it covers. This ensures everyone has access to an independent dispute resolution service, regardless of their financial situation.
Take the Next Step with Confidence
A rejected health insurance claim can be a major setback, but it doesn't have to be the end of the story. By understanding your rights, following a methodical process, and gathering the right evidence, you can successfully challenge an unfair decision.
The best way to protect yourself is to get expert advice from the very beginning. At WeCovr, we help you navigate the complexities of the private medical insurance UK market to find a policy that's right for you. We're here to provide clarity and support for the lifetime of your policy.
Ready to find the right private health cover? Speak to one of our friendly, expert advisors today for a free, no-obligation quote and personalised recommendation.