Navigating private medical insurance (PMI) in the UK can feel complex, especially for families with a history of hereditary disease. At WeCovr, an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 800,000 policies of various kinds, we believe in providing clear, authoritative guidance to help you make informed decisions for your family's health.
How family history is assessed, what gets covered, and genetic testing rules
When you apply for private health cover, insurers need to understand the level of risk they are taking on. A significant family history of a medical condition is a key part of this assessment. Insurers will look at conditions affecting your first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, children) to build a picture of your potential future health risks. This information, alongside your personal medical history, determines the terms of your policy, including what is and isn't covered. Critically, insurers operate under strict rules regarding genetic test results, ensuring your genetic privacy is protected.
Understanding Hereditary Conditions and PMI: The Crucial Distinction
A hereditary disease is a condition caused by a change or mutation in your DNA that can be passed down through a family. These can range from a predisposition to certain cancers (like those linked to BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations) to specific conditions like Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, or certain hereditary heart conditions.
It's vital to understand the fundamental principle of private medical insurance in the UK:
PMI is designed to cover acute conditions that arise after you take out your policy.
An acute condition is one that is curable and likely to respond quickly to treatment (like a hernia or a joint injury). PMI does not cover pre-existing conditions (illnesses or injuries you already had before your policy started) or chronic conditions (long-term illnesses that require ongoing management, like diabetes or asthma).
Having a family history of a disease is not the same as having a pre-existing condition. You are not ill. However, it is a risk factor that insurers must consider during the application process.
The Underwriting Process: How Insurers Assess Your Family's Health History
Underwriting is the process an insurer uses to evaluate your application. For families, especially those with known genetic risks, the type of underwriting you choose is a critical decision. There are two main types in the UK.
1. Full Medical Underwriting (FMU)
With FMU, you complete a detailed health questionnaire when you apply. You must declare your personal medical history and answer specific questions about your family's history.
- What they ask: Insurers typically ask about serious conditions (e.g., cancer, heart disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, diabetes) affecting your parents and siblings. They will often ask for the age at which your relative was diagnosed. An early age of onset (e.g., under 60) is generally seen as a higher risk factor.
- The outcome: Based on your answers, the insurer gives you a clear decision upfront. They will either offer cover on standard terms, apply specific exclusions to your policy, or in very rare cases, decline cover. The main benefit of FMU is certainty—you know exactly what is and isn't covered from day one.
2. Moratorium Underwriting
A moratorium policy is simpler to set up as there is no initial medical questionnaire. Instead, the policy automatically excludes treatment for any medical condition you have had symptoms, treatment, or advice for in the five years before the policy began.
- How it works: These exclusions can be lifted if you remain completely symptom-free, treatment-free, and advice-free for that condition for a continuous two-year period after your policy starts.
- Family history relevance: A moratorium doesn't directly ask about family history. However, if you develop symptoms of a condition that runs in your family, the insurer will investigate whether it could be considered pre-existing. For example, if you had a precautionary check-up related to a family heart condition before taking out the policy, any subsequent heart-related treatment might be excluded.
Comparing Underwriting for Families with Hereditary Risk
| Feature | Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) | Moratorium Underwriting |
|---|
| Application Process | Detailed health questionnaire upfront. | No initial medical questions. |
| Clarity on Cover | Total clarity from day one. You receive a policy document detailing any exclusions. | Less certainty. Cover is determined at the point of a claim. |
| Family History | Directly asked about and assessed. An exclusion may be applied. | Not directly asked about, but can become relevant if a related condition arises. |
| Best For... | Families who want upfront certainty and to know exactly where they stand regarding a known hereditary risk. | Those with a clean recent medical history who prefer a quicker application. |
For families with a clear history of a serious hereditary disease, Full Medical Underwriting is often the recommended path. It allows for an open conversation and a clear, binding decision from the insurer, avoiding nasty surprises when you need to make a claim. An expert PMI broker can help you navigate this process effectively.
What Happens If You Declare a Family History of a Hereditary Disease?
Being honest about your family history is non-negotiable. The principle of 'utmost good faith' means you must provide accurate information, otherwise your insurer could refuse a claim or even void your policy.
When you declare a family history, there are a few possible outcomes:
- Accepted on Standard Terms: If the insurer deems the risk to be low (e.g., the condition affected a relative at an older age or it has a complex inheritance pattern), they may offer you a policy with no special conditions.
- An Exclusion is Applied: This is the most common outcome. The insurer will state that they will not cover the specific condition or group of conditions that runs in your family. For example:
- If there's a strong family history of bowel cancer, they might apply an exclusion for "cancer".
- If multiple relatives have had heart attacks at a young age, they might apply an exclusion for "heart and circulatory conditions".
This exclusion means you cannot claim for diagnosis or treatment of that specific condition, but you remain fully covered for all other new, acute conditions.
- An Increased Premium (a 'Loading'): This is less common in the UK PMI market for family history alone but is not impossible. It means you pay a higher monthly premium to reflect the increased risk.
- Cover is Declined: This is very rare and typically only happens if the risk profile is extremely high, for instance, if you have a known genetic condition combined with other significant health issues.
Real-Life Example: The Sharma Family and Hereditary Heart Disease
Mr. and Mrs. Sharma are in their early 40s and want PMI for themselves and their two children. Mr. Sharma's father and brother both had heart attacks in their 50s. On his Full Medical Underwriting application, he declares this.
The insurer assesses the information and offers the family a policy with a specific exclusion on Mr. Sharma's cover for "all heart and circulatory conditions". The rest of the family is covered on standard terms.
A year later, Mr. Sharma tears his knee cartilage playing football. His PMI policy covers the MRI scan, consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon, and the keyhole surgery, allowing him to get back on his feet in weeks. The heart-related exclusion did not affect his cover for this new, unrelated acute condition.
Genetic Testing and Your Private Health Insurance Policy
This is an area of great concern for many, but the rules in the UK are designed to protect you. The guiding framework is the Code on Genetic Testing and Insurance, an agreement between the Government and the Association of British Insurers (ABI).
The core principle is simple: for most types of insurance, including standard private medical insurance policies, insurers cannot ask you to take a genetic test, nor can they ask for or use the result of a predictive genetic test.
Let's break this down:
- Predictive Genetic Test: This is a test taken by a healthy person to see if they carry a gene mutation that increases their risk of developing a condition in the future (e.g., testing for the BRCA gene). Insurers cannot use the result of this test.
- Diagnostic Genetic Test: This is a test done when you already have symptoms of a condition, and the test is used to confirm a diagnosis. If this leads to a diagnosis, the condition itself would be subject to the policy's terms (e.g., it may be considered pre-existing if symptoms were present before you bought the policy).
Will PMI Pay for a Genetic Test?
This is a common question, and the answer is usually no, but with some nuance.
| Type of Genetic Test | Is it Covered by PMI? | Explanation |
|---|
| Predictive Screening | No | PMI is for treating illness, not for screening healthy individuals to predict future risk. This is considered preventative, not curative. |
| Diagnostic Testing | Potentially | If you develop symptoms of a new, acute condition and your consultant believes a genetic test is a necessary part of the diagnostic pathway, it may be covered under your policy's outpatient benefits. |
| Family Cascade Screening | No | If a family member is diagnosed with a genetic condition and the NHS recommends other family members get tested, PMI will not typically cover this screening for healthy relatives. |
The key takeaway is that your genetic information is protected. You should not fear getting a predictive genetic test for fear of it affecting your ability to get private health cover.
What PMI Can Cover for Families with Genetic Risks
Even with an exclusion for a specific hereditary condition, a private medical insurance policy provides immense value and peace of mind.
- Fast-Track Diagnosis and Treatment for Everything Else: An exclusion for cancer doesn't stop you from getting rapid access to an MRI for back pain, cataract surgery, or a hernia repair. Life's unexpected health niggles and injuries are all still covered.
- Prompt Consultations: Skip long waiting lists to see a specialist for any new, eligible condition. This can provide quick reassurance or a speedy diagnosis for hundreds of health concerns unrelated to your family history.
- Enhanced Mental Health Support: The emotional strain of knowing your family is at risk of a hereditary disease can be significant. Most leading PMI providers now offer excellent mental health support, including access to counselling and therapy, often without needing a GP referral.
- Valuable Wellness Programmes: Many policies come with benefits designed to keep you healthy. This might include:
- Discounted gym memberships.
- Rewards for healthy behaviour (e.g., Vitality's programme).
- Access to digital GP services 24/7.
- Nutritional advice and support.
At WeCovr, we provide all our health and life insurance clients with complimentary access to our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, CalorieHero, helping you take proactive control of your diet and well-being.
Choosing the Right PMI Policy: A Step-by-Step Guide
- Gather Your Family's Medical Details: Before you start, be clear on the facts. Which condition? Which first-degree relative(s)? What age were they diagnosed? Having accurate information is crucial.
- Define Your Coverage Priorities: Do you just want inpatient cover for major surgery, or do you also want outpatient cover for diagnostics and consultations? Deciding on your ideal level of cover will help narrow down the options.
- Consider Underwriting Carefully: As discussed, Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) is often the best choice for clarity and peace of mind when a known hereditary risk exists.
- Speak to an Independent PMI Broker: This is the single most effective step you can take. A specialist broker like WeCovr works for you, not the insurer. We can:
- Understand your family's unique situation.
- Anonymously approach underwriters at different insurers to gauge how they would treat your application.
- Compare the entire market to find the provider offering the best terms for your circumstances.
- Help you complete the application accurately.
- All this is provided at no cost to you; our commission is paid by the insurer you choose.
- Be Completely Honest: Never be tempted to omit information. It could invalidate your entire policy when you need it most, which would be a far worse outcome than having an exclusion from the start.
Proactive Health Management for At-Risk Families
While insurance provides a safety net, proactive health management is key.
- Engage with the NHS: Utilise the free NHS Health Check offered to adults in England aged 40-74. If you have a strong family history of a condition, speak to your GP about any specific screening programmes you may be eligible for, such as the NHS breast screening or bowel cancer screening programmes.
- Lifestyle is Medicine: Many gene-environment interactions exist. A healthy lifestyle can significantly mitigate certain genetic risks.
- Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein is foundational. For heart health, a Mediterranean-style diet is often recommended.
- Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity a week, as recommended by the NHS.
- Sleep: Prioritise 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Poor sleep can impact everything from your immune system to your cardiovascular health.
- Stress Management: Chronic stress can be a trigger for many health issues. Incorporate mindfulness, yoga, or simple breathing exercises into your routine.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do I need to declare a family history of cancer on my PMI application?
Yes, absolutely. If an insurer asks about family history of cancer on an application form (which they will on a Full Medical Underwriting policy), you must declare it. You should specify the type of cancer, which first-degree relative was affected (parent, sibling), and their age at diagnosis. Failing to disclose this could invalidate your policy.
Will my children be covered if I have a history of a genetic condition?
Generally, yes. Your children can be included on a family private medical insurance policy. Insurers assess each person individually. A family history risk on your side will typically lead to an exclusion on your cover alone. Your children would usually be covered on standard terms unless they themselves have developed symptoms or been diagnosed with a condition.
Can a PMI provider cancel my policy if I develop a hereditary disease?
No, an insurer cannot cancel your policy if you develop a new condition after your cover has started, provided you were honest during your application. If you develop the hereditary disease that was excluded, you simply cannot claim for its treatment through your PMI. Your policy remains active to cover you for any other new, acute conditions.
What happens if I don't declare my family history and later make a claim?
This is known as 'non-disclosure' and is a serious issue. At the point of a claim, insurers often review your medical history. If they discover you withheld relevant information about your family history, they have the right to decline the claim and, in serious cases, to void your policy from the start, meaning you would have no cover at all. It is always best to be transparent.
Take the Next Step with Confidence
Protecting your family's health is one of the most important decisions you'll make. When a hereditary disease is part of your family's story, navigating the world of private medical insurance UK requires specialist knowledge and a careful approach.
The expert, FCA-authorised advisors at WeCovr are here to help. We'll guide you through the process, compare policies from leading providers, and find the right cover for your family's unique needs—all at no cost to you. As a WeCovr client, you also get discounts on other insurance policies and complimentary access to our CalorieHero wellness app.
Contact WeCovr today for a free, no-obligation chat and a personalised PMI quote.