
Navigating the world of private medical insurance (PMI) in the UK can feel like learning a new language. At WeCovr, an FCA-authorised expert that has helped arrange over 900,000 policies, we believe everyone deserves to understand their health cover clearly. This guide cuts through the confusion.
Private health insurance is designed to give you peace of mind and faster access to high-quality medical care when you need it most. However, policy documents are often filled with terminology that can be puzzling.
This glossary explains 50 of the most common PMI terms in simple, plain English, helping you make informed decisions about your health and wellbeing.
Let's start with the fundamental building blocks of any private medical insurance UK policy.
Private Medical Insurance (PMI): An insurance policy that covers the cost of private medical treatment for eligible conditions. It works alongside the NHS, offering you more choice and speed for diagnosis and treatment.
Policyholder: The person who owns the insurance policy. This could be you, your partner, or your employer if it's a company scheme.
Premium: The regular amount you pay to the insurer (usually monthly or annually) to keep your policy active. Your premium is calculated based on factors like your age, lifestyle, location, and the level of cover you choose.
Excess (or Deductible): A fixed amount you agree to pay towards the cost of a claim. For example, if your excess is £250 and your eligible treatment costs £2,000, you pay the first £250 and your insurer pays the remaining £1,750. Choosing a higher excess can often lower your premium.
Annual Limit: The maximum amount of money your insurer will pay out for all your claims combined within a single policy year. Some basic policies might have a limit of £10,000, while comprehensive plans often offer £1 million or even unlimited cover.
Benefit Limit: Similar to an annual limit, but it applies to a specific benefit. For instance, your policy might have an overall annual limit of £1 million but a separate, lower limit for out-patient consultations, such as £1,000 per year.
Quote: An estimate of your premium from an insurer or broker, based on the information you provide about your needs and circumstances. A quote from an expert PMI broker like WeCovr compares multiple leading providers to find the best value for you.
Renewal: The process of continuing your policy for another year when your current term ends. Your insurer will send you a renewal notice with the premium for the upcoming year, which may have changed.
Cooling-off Period: A statutory period (usually 14 days) after you purchase your policy during which you can cancel it and receive a full refund, provided you haven't made a claim.
Underwriting is how insurers decide whether to offer you cover and on what terms. It's a crucial part of the process, especially regarding past medical issues.
A Critical Point: Standard private health insurance in the UK is designed for acute conditions that arise after you take out your policy. It does not cover pre-existing or chronic conditions.
Underwriting: The process an insurer uses to assess the risk of insuring you. They look at your age, health, and medical history to set your premium and any specific exclusions.
Pre-existing Condition: Any illness, injury, or symptom you have had (or sought advice for) before the start date of your policy. This includes conditions you were diagnosed with, treated for, or even just experienced symptoms of, regardless of whether you saw a doctor. These are typically excluded from cover.
Chronic Condition: A long-term health condition that cannot be fully cured but can be managed. Examples include diabetes, asthma, arthritis, and high blood pressure. PMI does not cover the routine management of chronic conditions, though it may cover acute flare-ups in some cases.
Acute Condition: A disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery. Examples include joint replacements, cataract surgery, or treatment for infections. This is what PMI is designed for.
Moratorium Underwriting (Mori): The most common type of underwriting. You don't need to declare your full medical history upfront. Instead, the insurer automatically excludes any condition you've had in the five years before your policy starts. However, if you go two full, consecutive years without any symptoms, treatment, or advice for that condition after your policy begins, it may become eligible for cover.
Full Medical Underwriting (FMU): This requires you to complete a detailed health questionnaire, disclosing your entire medical history. The insurer then assesses this information and tells you from the start exactly what is and isn't covered. Any specific exclusions are listed on your policy documents and are usually permanent.
| Feature | Moratorium Underwriting (Mori) | Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Process | Quick and simple. No medical forms. | Slower. Requires a detailed health questionnaire. |
| Clarity on Cover | Less certainty at the start. Exclusions are decided at the point of a claim. | Full clarity from day one. Exclusions are listed in your policy documents. |
| Pre-existing Conditions | Automatically excluded if present in the 5 years before the policy start. | Assessed individually. May be covered, excluded, or require a higher premium. |
| Best For | People with a clean bill of health who want a fast application process. | People with a complex medical history who want certainty about what's covered. |
Medical History: The complete record of your past and present health, including all illnesses, treatments, and consultations. With FMU, you must disclose this fully.
Exclusions: Specific conditions, treatments, or circumstances that are not covered by your policy. Common exclusions include pre-existing conditions, chronic condition management, cosmetic surgery, A&E visits, and normal pregnancy. Always read your policy's exclusion list carefully.
Your policy will define what kind of treatment settings are covered. Understanding these terms is key to knowing what you can claim for.
In-patient: Treatment that requires you to be admitted to a hospital bed overnight or longer. Core PMI policies almost always cover in-patient care.
Day-patient: Treatment that requires a hospital bed for the day but does not require an overnight stay. This includes many minor surgical procedures. This is also a core benefit on most policies.
Out-patient: Consultations, diagnostic tests (like X-rays or MRI scans), or treatment where you are not admitted to a hospital bed. This is often sold as an add-on to a core policy. Limiting your out-patient cover is a common way to reduce your premium.
Policies range from basic 'core' cover to 'comprehensive' plans with extensive benefits.
Core Cover: The essential benefits included in every PMI policy, primarily covering in-patient and day-patient treatment costs, including surgery, hospital stays, and specialist fees.
Comprehensive Cover: A policy that includes core cover plus a range of add-ons, such as out-patient consultations, therapies, mental health support, and dental/optical benefits.
Cancer Cover: A cornerstone of most PMI policies. It provides funding for diagnosis, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and sometimes newer biological therapies. The level of cancer cover can vary significantly between providers, so it's a crucial area to compare.
Mental Health Cover: An increasingly important benefit that can be added to your policy. It may cover specialist consultations, therapy sessions (like CBT), and in-patient psychiatric treatment.
Therapies Cover: Covers treatment from specialists like physiotherapists, osteopaths, and chiropractors. This is usually an optional add-on.
Dental & Optical Cover: An add-on that provides cover for routine dental check-ups, treatments, and the cost of glasses or contact lenses. It's less common but available from some insurers.
Complimentary Medicine (or Alternative Therapies): Treatments like acupuncture, homeopathy, or podiatry. Cover is usually available as an optional extra and is often limited.
Health Screening: Proactive health checks to detect early signs of serious illness, such as cancer or heart disease. Some comprehensive policies include a contribution towards health screenings.
Understanding the claims process helps you use your policy effectively.
GP (General Practitioner): Your NHS or private family doctor. In most cases, your journey to private treatment starts with a visit to your GP.
GP Referral: A letter from your GP recommending that you see a private specialist for your condition. This is usually the first step in making a claim.
Open Referral: When your GP refers you to a type of specialist (e.g., a cardiologist) rather than a specific named consultant. This gives your insurer more flexibility to direct you to a cost-effective specialist within their network.
Hospital List: A list of hospitals and treatment centres approved by your insurer. Policies with a limited hospital list (e.g., excluding central London hospitals) are often cheaper. Check the list carefully to ensure it includes convenient, high-quality facilities near you.
Guided Option (or Consultant List): A feature where the insurer provides a shortlist of 3-5 approved specialists for your condition. Choosing from this list often results in a lower premium because the insurer has pre-agreed rates with these consultants.
Claim: The formal request you make to your insurer to pay for your eligible medical treatment. You typically need to get the claim authorised before you receive treatment.
Expert Review (or Second Opinion Service): A service offered by some insurers that allows you to have your diagnosis and proposed treatment plan reviewed by a world-leading medical expert, giving you extra confidence in your care pathway.
These terms relate to the costs and rules governing your policy.
Insurance Premium Tax (IPT): A tax charged on all general insurance premiums in the UK, including PMI. The current rate is 12% and is included in the premium you are quoted.
No Claims Discount (NCD): A discount applied to your renewal premium if you don't make a claim during the policy year. The discount level typically increases each year you go without claiming, up to a maximum percentage (e.g., 60-70%). Making a claim will usually reduce or remove your NCD.
Six-week Option: A cost-saving option where, if the NHS can provide the required in-patient treatment within six weeks of it being recommended, you agree to use the NHS. If the NHS waiting list is longer than six weeks, your private cover kicks in. This can significantly reduce your premium.
Joint Policy: A single policy that covers two or more people, typically partners or a family. This can sometimes be more convenient and slightly cheaper than individual policies.
Level of Cover: The scope and monetary limits of the benefits included in your policy. You can often tailor this by adding or removing options like out-patient or therapies cover.
Modern PMI is about more than just paying for treatment; it's about helping you stay healthy.
Wellness Programme: A feature offered by some insurers to reward healthy living. You might get discounts on gym memberships, fitness trackers, or even your premium for demonstrating healthy habits like regular exercise.
Virtual GP (or Digital GP): A service that provides 24/7 access to a GP via phone or video call. This is a hugely popular benefit, offering convenience and speed for initial consultations.
NHS Cash Benefit: If you choose to have your eligible treatment on the NHS instead of using your private cover, your policy may pay you a fixed cash amount for each night you spend in an NHS hospital. This acknowledges that you are saving the insurer money.
Provider (or Insurer): The company that underwrites your policy and pays for your claims. Major UK providers include Bupa, Aviva, AXA Health, and Vitality.
Broker (or Intermediary): An independent expert who helps you compare policies from different providers to find the one that best suits your needs and budget. A good PMI broker, like WeCovr, is authorised by the FCA and provides impartial advice at no extra cost to you.
FCA (Financial Conduct Authority): The UK's financial services regulator. Any firm selling or advising on insurance, including brokers and providers, must be authorised and regulated by the FCA, ensuring they treat customers fairly.
Upgrade/Downgrade: The ability to change your level of cover at renewal, for example, by adding mental health cover (an upgrade) or increasing your excess (a downgrade to save money).
Self-insurance: The alternative to PMI, where you choose to pay for any private medical treatment out of your own pocket. This can be risky, as major procedures like cancer treatment or heart surgery can cost tens of thousands of pounds.
Independent Sector: The collective term for all private healthcare providers, including hospitals, clinics, and specialists, that operate outside of the NHS.
Added Value Benefits: Extra perks included with your policy. As a WeCovr client, for example, you get complimentary access to our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, CalorieHero, to support your health goals. We also offer discounts on other insurance products, like life or home insurance, when you purchase a PMI policy with us.
Feeling more confident about the language of private health insurance? The right policy can be a powerful tool for protecting your health and wellbeing.
At WeCovr, our expert advisors are here to help you navigate your options. We compare leading UK providers to find a policy that fits your needs and your budget, all at no cost to you.
Ready to find your perfect private health cover? Get your free, no-obligation quote from WeCovr today.






