Psoriatic Arthritis Explained
WeCovr explains psoriatic arthritis and private rheumatology care
As an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 800,000 policies, WeCovr understands the nuances of private medical insurance in the UK. This guide explains psoriatic arthritis, a complex condition that sits at the crossroads of dermatology and rheumatology, and clarifies how private healthcare can support your journey.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, inflammatory condition affecting the joints and the places where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. It is closely linked to psoriasis, a skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form scales. Navigating a diagnosis and managing its symptoms can be challenging, but understanding your options—both on the NHS and through private care—is the first step towards taking control of your health.
What Is Psoriatic Arthritis? A Simple Guide
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects some people with psoriasis. Think of it as a two-part condition: it involves both the skin (psoriasis) and the joints (arthritis).
It's an autoimmune condition. This means your immune system, which is designed to protect you from illness and infection, gets confused and mistakenly attacks healthy parts of your body. In psoriatic arthritis, the primary targets are your joints and skin, causing inflammation, pain, and swelling.
According to the Psoriasis Association, around 1 in 80 people in the UK have psoriasis. Of those, up to 30% may go on to develop psoriatic arthritis. It typically appears in people between the ages of 30 and 50, but it can start at any age and affects men and women equally.
Unlike osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear on the joints, psoriatic arthritis is driven by a faulty immune response. This inflammation can, if left untreated, lead to permanent joint damage. That's why early diagnosis and effective management are so vital.
Recognising the Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis
The symptoms of psoriatic arthritis can vary significantly from person to person. They can also come and go, with periods of high activity (known as "flares") followed by periods of low or no activity ("remission").
Here are the most common signs to look out for:
- Joint Pain, Stiffness, and Swelling: This is the hallmark symptom. The affected joints may be warm to the touch and are often stiffest first thing in the morning. It can affect any joint, from small joints in the fingers and toes to large joints like the knees and even the spine.
- Psoriasis Skin Patches: Most people with PsA have psoriasis first, but for some, the joint problems begin before any skin issues appear.
- Nail Changes: Up to 80% of people with PsA experience changes to their fingernails and toenails. This can include tiny dents (pitting), discolouration, or the nail lifting away from the nail bed.
- Extreme Fatigue: This isn't just normal tiredness. It's an overwhelming sense of exhaustion that isn't relieved by rest or sleep and can significantly impact daily life.
- Dactylitis: Often called "sausage digits," this is severe swelling of an entire finger or toe, making it look like a small sausage.
- Enthesitis: This is inflammation and pain where tendons or ligaments attach to your bones. Common sites include the back of the heel (Achilles tendon) or the sole of the foot (plantar fascia).
- Eye Problems: Some people develop eye inflammation, such as uveitis, which can cause eye pain, redness, and blurred vision.
Because these symptoms can overlap with other types of arthritis, getting an accurate diagnosis from a specialist is crucial.
Who Gets Psoriatic Arthritis? Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of psoriatic arthritis isn't fully understood, we know it's a combination of genetic and environmental factors. You can't catch it from someone else.
Here are the main risk factors:
- Having Psoriasis: This is the single biggest risk factor. The more severe your psoriasis, the higher your likelihood of developing PsA.
- Genetics: Around 40% of people with PsA have a family member with either psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Scientists have identified specific genetic markers that make a person more susceptible.
- Age: It most commonly develops in adults between 30 and 50 years old.
- Environmental Triggers: For people who are genetically predisposed, something in the environment can "trigger" the disease. This could be a physical trauma (like an injury), severe stress, or an infection, such as strep throat.
How is Psoriatic Arthritis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing PsA can be a puzzle. There's no single blood test that can confirm it. Instead, a rheumatologist—a doctor who specialises in conditions affecting muscles, bones, and joints—will act like a detective, gathering clues from various sources.
The journey usually begins with a visit to your GP, who will listen to your symptoms, examine you, and may order initial blood tests. If they suspect an inflammatory arthritis, they will refer you to a rheumatologist.
Here's what the diagnostic process involves:
- Medical History and Physical Exam: The specialist will ask detailed questions about your symptoms, your general health, and your family's medical history. They will examine your joints for swelling and tenderness, check your skin for signs of psoriasis, and look at your nails.
- Blood Tests: These are used to check for signs of inflammation in your body (such as C-reactive protein or CRP) and to help rule out other conditions. For example, a test for rheumatoid factor can help distinguish PsA from rheumatoid arthritis.
- Imaging Tests:
- X-rays: Can show if there is any damage to the bones or joints, though changes may not be visible in the early stages.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, helping to identify inflammation in the joints, tendons, and ligaments (enthesitis).
- Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images and is particularly good at detecting enthesitis and inflammation in the lining of the joints.
The NHS vs. Private Diagnosis Pathway
This is where private medical insurance can make a significant difference. While the quality of care on the NHS is excellent, waiting times can be a major source of anxiety and can delay treatment.
Recent NHS data highlights significant waits for rheumatology referrals and diagnostic scans in many parts of the UK. A delay in diagnosis means a delay in starting treatment, which can risk permanent joint damage.
| Feature | NHS Pathway | Private Pathway (with PMI) |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Consultation | GP appointment | GP appointment (or direct access with some plans) |
| Referral to Specialist | Wait for rheumatology appointment (can be months) | See a private rheumatologist (often within days/weeks) |
| Diagnostic Scans (MRI) | Further waiting lists for scans | Scans arranged quickly, often within a week |
| Diagnosis & Initial Plan | Diagnosis delivered after all tests are complete | Rapid diagnosis and initial treatment plan |
| Ongoing Chronic Care | Managed by the NHS | Reverts to the NHS for long-term management |
Using private medical insurance for the diagnostic phase can cut waiting times from many months to just a few weeks, giving you peace of mind and faster access to a treatment plan.
Psoriatic Arthritis and Private Medical Insurance (PMI): The Crucial Details
This is the most important section to understand when considering private health cover. UK private medical insurance operates on a core principle that you need to be aware of.
The 'Chronic and Pre-existing' Condition Rule
Standard private medical insurance UK policies are designed to cover acute conditions. An acute condition is an illness, injury, or disease that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery. Think of things like a broken bone, appendicitis, or a cataract.
Psoriatic arthritis, on the other hand, is a chronic condition. This means it is a long-term illness that currently has no cure. It can be managed, but not cured.
This means that standard PMI policies will not cover the long-term management of psoriatic arthritis.
Furthermore, if you have already been diagnosed with or have experienced symptoms of psoriatic arthritis before you take out a policy, it will be classed as a pre-existing condition and will be excluded from cover.
How Underwriting Affects Your Cover
When you apply for PMI, insurers use a process called underwriting to decide what they will and won't cover. The two main types are:
- Moratorium Underwriting: This is the most common type. The insurer will automatically exclude any condition for which you have had symptoms, medication, or advice in the 5 years before your policy starts. However, if you then go for 2 continuous years on the policy without needing any treatment, tests, or advice for that condition, the insurer may reinstate cover for it. For a chronic condition like PsA, it is highly unlikely this 2-year clear period would ever be met.
- Full Medical Underwriting (FMU): With FMU, you provide your full medical history upfront. The insurer will review it and list any specific conditions, such as psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, as permanent exclusions on your policy certificate. It's more administration at the start, but you know exactly where you stand.
So, How Can PMI Help with Psoriatic Arthritis?
While PMI won't cover the ongoing management of PsA, it can be incredibly valuable in one key area: getting a fast diagnosis.
Imagine this scenario:
- You take out a private health cover plan with no prior history of joint pain or psoriasis.
- A year later, you start experiencing stiff, swollen fingers and painful heels.
- You visit your GP, who suspects an inflammatory arthritis. With your PMI policy, you can get an "open referral" to a rheumatologist.
- Instead of waiting months on the NHS, your insurer authorises a private consultation, which you have within a week.
- The private specialist organises an MRI scan for the following week to confirm their suspicions.
- Within a fortnight, you have a definitive diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis.
At this point, your condition is diagnosed as chronic. The ongoing management—including prescriptions for medication like DMARDs or biologics—will then typically be handled by your NHS rheumatology team. However, you have bypassed the long, stressful wait for a diagnosis, enabling you to start NHS treatment much faster.
Some premium-level PMI policies may offer limited benefits for chronic conditions, such as a set number of consultations per year or a cash benefit, but this is not standard. An expert PMI broker like WeCovr can help you understand these subtle differences between providers.
Private Rheumatology Care in the UK: What to Expect
Opting for private rheumatology care for your diagnosis gives you speed, choice, and convenience.
- Speed of Access: As highlighted, this is the main benefit. You can see a top consultant in days or weeks.
- Choice of Specialist and Hospital: Your PMI policy will provide a list of approved specialists and hospitals, giving you control over who you see and where you are treated.
- Longer Consultation Times: Private consultations are often longer than their NHS equivalents, giving you more time to discuss your symptoms, fears, and treatment preferences with the expert.
- Continuity of Care: You will typically see the same consultant for your diagnosis and any follow-up appointments, building a strong and trusting relationship.
- Comfort and Convenience: Private hospitals offer a more comfortable environment, with private rooms and flexible appointment times.
Without insurance, the costs of private diagnosis can be substantial. A first consultation with a rheumatologist can cost between £250 and £400, with an MRI scan adding another £400 to £800+. PMI covers these costs, demonstrating its value.
Managing Psoriatic Arthritis: A Holistic Approach
Receiving a diagnosis of PsA is life-changing, but it's a manageable condition. Modern treatments and a proactive approach to wellness can help you live a full and active life. Management is usually led by your NHS team, but it's important to be an active participant in your own care.
Medical Treatments
Your rheumatologist will tailor your treatment based on your specific symptoms and their severity. The goal is to reduce inflammation, control pain, and prevent joint damage.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Ibuprofen and naproxen can help with mild pain and inflammation.
- Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These drugs, like methotrexate, work by suppressing the overactive immune system. They are the mainstay of PsA treatment.
- Biologic therapies: These are a newer class of DMARDs developed through biological research. They target specific parts of the immune system involved in the inflammatory process.
Lifestyle and Wellness
Alongside medication, lifestyle changes play a huge role in managing symptoms and improving your quality of life.
| Area of Focus | Key Recommendations & Tips |
|---|---|
| Diet & Nutrition | Adopt an anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, oily fish (salmon, mackerel), nuts, and seeds. Some people find that limiting processed foods, red meat, and sugar helps reduce flares. |
| Weight Management | Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial. Excess weight puts more strain on your joints, particularly your knees, hips, and back, and can also reduce the effectiveness of some medications. |
| Exercise | Regular, low-impact exercise is vital. It strengthens the muscles that support your joints, improves flexibility, and boosts your mood. Great options include swimming, cycling, yoga, and tai chi. |
| Sleep | Pain and discomfort can make sleep difficult. Establish a relaxing bedtime routine, ensure your bedroom is dark and quiet, and avoid caffeine and screen time before bed. |
| Mental Health | Living with a chronic condition can be emotionally challenging. Don't be afraid to seek support. Mindfulness, talking therapies, and patient support groups can be invaluable. |
| Travel | Plan ahead when travelling. Pack extra medication, use luggage with wheels, request an aisle seat for extra legroom, and get up to move around regularly on long journeys. |
At WeCovr, we believe in supporting our clients' overall wellbeing. That's why customers who buy private medical or life insurance through us receive complimentary access to CalorieHero, our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, to help with their health and weight management goals.
Choosing the Best Private Medical Insurance UK with WeCovr
Navigating the world of PMI can be confusing, especially with a condition like psoriatic arthritis in the picture. This is where using an independent, FCA-authorised broker like WeCovr is invaluable.
Our expert advisors are here to help you:
- Understand the Market: We compare policies from all the leading UK insurers, including Bupa, Aviva, AXA Health, and Vitality, to find the one that best suits your needs and budget.
- Clarify the Jargon: We'll explain terms like "moratorium," "excess," and "hospital lists" in plain English, so you know exactly what you're buying.
- Get the Right Cover: We ensure you understand the critical rules around pre-existing and chronic conditions, helping you set realistic expectations of what PMI can and cannot do. Even with exclusions, a policy can provide peace of mind and fast access to treatment for hundreds of other future acute conditions.
- Save Money: Our service is completely free to you. We also offer discounts on other insurance products, such as income protection or life insurance, when you purchase a policy through us.
Our high customer satisfaction ratings are a testament to our commitment to providing clear, impartial, and helpful advice.
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Why private medical insurance and how does it work?
What is Private Medical Insurance?
Private medical insurance (PMI) is a type of health insurance that provides access to private healthcare services in the UK. It covers the cost of private medical treatment, allowing you to bypass NHS waiting lists and receive faster, more convenient care.How does it work?
Private medical insurance works by paying for your private healthcare costs. When you need treatment, you can choose to go private and your insurance will cover the costs, subject to your policy terms and conditions. This can include:• Private consultations with specialists
• Private hospital treatment and surgery
• Diagnostic tests and scans
• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
• Mental health treatment
Your premium depends on factors like your age, health, occupation, and the level of cover you choose. Most policies offer different levels of cover, from basic to comprehensive, allowing you to tailor the policy to your needs and budget.
Questions to ask yourself regarding private medical insurance
Just ask yourself:👉 Are you concerned about NHS waiting times for treatment?
👉 Would you prefer to choose your own consultant and hospital?
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👉 Do you want to avoid the stress of NHS waiting lists?
Many people don't realise that private medical insurance is more affordable than they think, especially when you consider the value of faster treatment and better facilities. A great insurance policy can provide peace of mind and ensure you receive the care you need when you need it.
Benefits offered by private medical insurance
Private medical insurance provides numerous benefits that can significantly improve your healthcare experience and outcomes:Faster Access to Treatment
One of the biggest advantages is avoiding NHS waiting lists. While the NHS provides excellent care, waiting times can be lengthy. With private medical insurance, you can often receive treatment within days or weeks rather than months.
Choice of Consultant and Hospital
You can choose your preferred consultant and hospital, giving you more control over your healthcare journey. This is particularly important for complex treatments where you want a specific specialist.
Better Facilities and Accommodation
Private hospitals typically offer superior facilities, including private rooms, better food, and more comfortable surroundings. This can make your recovery more pleasant and potentially faster.
Advanced Treatments
Private medical insurance often covers treatments and medications not available on the NHS, giving you access to the latest medical advances and technologies.
Mental Health Support
Many policies include comprehensive mental health coverage, providing faster access to therapy and psychiatric care when needed.
Tax Benefits for Business Owners
If you're self-employed or a business owner, private medical insurance premiums can be tax-deductible, making it a cost-effective way to protect your health and your business.
Peace of Mind
Knowing you have access to private healthcare when you need it provides invaluable peace of mind, especially for those with ongoing health conditions or concerns about NHS capacity.
Private medical insurance is particularly valuable for those who want to take control of their healthcare journey and ensure they receive the best possible treatment when they need it most.
Important Fact!
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Why is it important to get private medical insurance early?
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Easily one of the most important insurance purchases an individual or family can make in their lifetime, the decision to buy private medical insurance can be made much simpler with the help of FCA-authorised advisers. They are the specialists who do the searching and analysis helping people choose between various types of private medical insurance policies available in the market, including different levels of cover and policy types most suitable to the client's individual circumstances.
It certainly won't do any harm if you speak with one of our experienced insurance experts who are passionate about advising people on financial matters related to private medical insurance and are keen to provide you with a free consultation.
You can discuss with them in detail what affordable private medical insurance plan for the necessary peace of mind they would recommend! WeCovr works with some of the best advisers in the market.
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