
TL;DR
For UK company directors, a Relevant Life Plan offers far greater control, portability, and higher cover multiples than a standard Group Life (Death in Service) scheme. At WeCovr, our expert advisers help you compare tax-efficient plans to secure superior protection.
Key takeaways
- Relevant Life Plans offer cover up to 30x remuneration (salary + dividends), far exceeding the typical 4x salary of group schemes.
- Unlike group cover, a Relevant Life Plan is portable and stays with you if you leave your company or start a new venture.
- Premiums are an allowable business expense for the company and are not treated as a P11D benefit for the employee.
- Relevant Life policies are always written into a trust, ensuring the payout is fast, tax-free, and avoids Inheritance Tax.
- Group schemes are tied to the employer, offering less control and often insufficient cover for a director's true financial needs.
Why individual director policies offer better control and multiples than group schemes
For many employees, a "Death in Service" benefit is one of the most valuable perks an employer can offer. It provides a degree of peace of mind, assuring them that their loved ones will receive a financial lump sum should the worst happen. This benefit, formally known as Group Life Assurance, is a fantastic foundation for any employee's financial protection.
However, for company directors, business owners, and key high-earning employees, relying solely on a standard group scheme can be a significant strategic mistake. The inherent limitations of these schemes—particularly around cover levels and portability—often leave the families of the most vital people in a business dangerously under-protected.
This is where a Relevant Life Plan emerges as a superior, tax-efficient, and flexible alternative. It's a bespoke form of 'death in service' cover, designed specifically for individuals but paid for by their company.
This definitive guide compares Group Life Assurance with Relevant Life Insurance in detail. We will explore why the control, portability, and significantly higher cover multiples offered by an individual Relevant Life Plan make it the gold-standard choice for directors and business leaders across the UK.
What is Group Life Assurance (Death in Service)?
Group Life Assurance is a single insurance policy taken out by an employer to provide life insurance cover for its entire workforce, or a specific group of employees. It's the technical term for what is commonly known as a Death in Service benefit.
How It Works
- The Policy: The employer owns and pays for a single policy that covers multiple employees.
- The Benefit: If an employee dies while employed by the company, the policy pays out a tax-free lump sum.
- The Payout: The benefit is typically paid into a company-managed trust. The trustees then distribute the funds to the employee's nominated beneficiaries (e.g., their spouse, partner, or children).
This structure ensures the payout does not form part of the deceased's estate for Inheritance Tax (IHT) purposes and avoids the lengthy probate process.
Typical Cover Levels
The most common feature of a group scheme is that the cover amount is a multiple of the employee's basic salary.
- A typical level is 2 to 4 times annual salary.
- Some more generous schemes might offer 5x, 10x, or even more, but this is less common.
- The key limitation is that this multiple is almost always based on basic salary only, excluding bonuses, commission, and dividends.
Underwriting and Free Cover Limits
One of the main attractions for employers is the simplicity of underwriting. Most group schemes have a "Free Cover Limit" (FCL). This is the maximum amount of cover an employee can receive without needing to provide any medical information.
For example, if a scheme has an FCL of £500,000, any employee whose salary multiple results in a benefit below this amount is automatically accepted for cover. This makes it easy to insure a large workforce without administrative hassle.
Who Is It Best Suited For?
Group Life Assurance is an excellent, cost-effective solution for businesses wanting to provide a valuable, baseline level of life cover to their entire workforce. It's a highly-valued employee benefit that can improve staff retention and morale.
However, as we will see, its "one-size-fits-all" nature is also its biggest weakness for key individuals.
| Pros of Group Life Assurance | Cons of Group Life Assurance |
|---|---|
| ✅ Simple for employees to join (often automatic). | ❌ Not portable: Cover ceases when you leave the company. |
| ✅ Cost-effective for employers covering many staff. | ❌ Low cover: A 4x salary multiple is often insufficient. |
| ✅ No medical underwriting below the Free Cover Limit. | ❌ Based on salary only: Ignores dividends and bonuses. |
| ✅ A highly valued employee benefit. | ❌ No individual control: The employer owns and controls the policy. |
What is a Relevant Life Plan?
A Relevant Life Plan (RLP) is a standalone, individual death-in-service life insurance policy. It is paid for by a limited company but is designed to pay out directly to the employee's family or nominated beneficiaries.
Think of it as a personal death-in-service benefit, offering the tax advantages of a group scheme but with the flexibility and higher cover of an individual policy.
How It Works
- The Policy: The limited company takes out an individual life insurance policy on the life of an employee (e.g., a director).
- The Premium: The company pays the monthly or annual premiums.
- The Trust: Crucially, the policy is written into a discretionary trust from day one. The employee's chosen beneficiaries are named within the trust.
- The Payout: If the insured person dies during the policy term, the insurer pays the benefit directly to the trustees, who then pass it to the beneficiaries. The money never touches the company's bank account.
Tax Treatment: The Triple Advantage
Relevant Life Plans are structured to be extremely tax-efficient, provided they meet specific HMRC criteria:
- For the Business: The premiums are typically treated as an allowable business expense, so the company can offset them against its corporation tax bill.
- For the Employee: The premiums are not considered a P11D benefit in kind. This means the employee does not pay any extra income tax or National Insurance for this valuable cover.
- For the Beneficiaries: Because the policy is held in trust, the lump sum payout is paid outside of the deceased's estate, making it free from Inheritance Tax.
Typical Cover Levels
This is where Relevant Life Plans truly outperform group schemes. Insurers allow for much higher multiples of an employee's total remuneration.
- Cover can be up to 25 or 30 times total annual remuneration.
- Crucially, "remuneration" includes both salary and dividends.
- For a director who takes a small salary and large dividends, this difference is transformative.
Who Is It Best Suited For?
Relevant Life Plans are ideal for:
- Company Directors who want higher cover than a group scheme can offer.
- High-Earning Employees whose remuneration structure includes significant bonuses or commission.
- Small Businesses (SMEs) that don't have enough employees to set up a cost-effective group scheme but still want to offer this key benefit.
| Pros of a Relevant Life Plan | Cons of a Relevant Life Plan |
|---|---|
| ✅ High cover levels: Up to 30x salary and dividends. | ❌ Requires full medical underwriting for the individual. |
| ✅ Highly tax-efficient: A business expense, not a benefit in kind. | ❌ Can be more expensive per person than a large group plan. |
| ✅ Portable: You can take the plan with you if you leave the company. | ❌ Only provides death benefits (no critical illness component). |
| ✅ IHT-free: Always written in trust, bypassing the estate. | ❌ Only available to employees of a limited company (not sole traders). |
The Core Showdown: Relevant Life vs. Group Life - A Detailed Comparison
When we place the two options side-by-side, the advantages for a company director become crystal clear. A Relevant Life Plan offers a tailored, robust, and portable solution that a generic group scheme simply cannot match.
Here is a direct comparison of the key features:
| Feature | Group Life Assurance (Death in Service) | Relevant Life Plan (RLP) | The Director's Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Policy Holder | The company. | The company (but held in trust for the employee's family). | RLP gives the employee's family direct beneficiary status via the trust, removing the company as a middle-man at the point of claim. |
| Portability | No. Cover ends when you leave the company. | Yes. The plan is portable and can be transferred to a new employer or continued on a personal basis. | Control & Continuity. A director can secure valuable cover for life, regardless of their company's future or their career path. |
| Cover Amount | Typically 2x to 4x basic salary. Capped at a low multiple and ignores other earnings. | Up to 25x-30x total remuneration (salary + dividends). Allows for multi-million-pound cover. | Sufficient Protection. Directors can secure a sum that truly protects their family's lifestyle and clears outstanding debts like a mortgage. |
| Underwriting | Often none below a "Free Cover Limit". Designed for groups. | Full medical underwriting is required for each individual policy. | Certainty. Once the policy is underwritten and in force, the cover is fully secured and defined. The price is locked in. |
| Trusts & IHT | Usually paid via a company trust, but arrangements can vary. A potential weak link if not set up correctly. | Always written into a discretionary trust from day one as a condition of the plan. | Simplicity & IHT Efficiency. The benefit is guaranteed to be paid outside the estate, avoiding the 40% IHT charge and probate delays. |
| Tax Efficiency | Premiums are an allowable business expense. Benefit is tax-free to beneficiaries. | Premiums are an allowable business expense. Not a P11D benefit. Benefit is tax-free. | The tax treatment is similar, but RLP provides these benefits on a superior, individual, and portable basis. |
| Best For | Covering a large workforce with a baseline, cost-effective benefit. | Directors, key employees, and small businesses needing high-value, tax-efficient, and portable cover. | A Tailored Solution. It is designed from the ground up to meet the specific needs of key individuals within a business. |
Why Higher Multiples Matter for Company Directors
The most critical difference between the two policy types is how the sum assured is calculated. For a company director, this difference is not just a detail—it's the deciding factor.
Most directors of small to medium-sized limited companies structure their income in a tax-efficient way. This typically involves:
- A small PAYE salary (often up to the National Insurance threshold, around £12,570).
- The remainder of their income is drawn as dividends from company profits.
A group life scheme, which only recognises basic salary, completely fails to acknowledge this reality. A Relevant Life Plan, however, is designed for it.
Real-Life Scenario: Director A's Protection Gap
Let's look at a realistic example of a successful company director.
- Name: Sarah, Director of a UK consulting firm.
- Remuneration:
- Annual Salary: £12,570
- Annual Dividends: £80,000
- Total Annual Remuneration: £92,570
- Family Needs: Sarah has a mortgage of £450,000 and two school-age children. She wants to ensure her family can clear the mortgage and have a substantial fund to live on if she were to pass away.
Scenario 1: Protection under a standard Group Life Scheme
If Sarah's company has a group scheme offering a typical 4x salary benefit:
- Cover Amount = 4 x £12,570 = £50,280
This sum is alarmingly inadequate. It would not even cover a tenth of her mortgage, let alone provide for her children's future. It bears no relation to the lifestyle her £92,570 income provides.
Scenario 2: Protection under a Relevant Life Plan
Working with an adviser at WeCovr, Sarah discovers she is eligible for a Relevant Life Plan with a multiple of 20x her total remuneration:
- Cover Amount = 20 x £92,570 = £1,851,400
This level of cover is transformative. It would allow her family to:
- Pay off the £450,000 mortgage in full.
- Leave a tax-free investment fund of over £1.4 million to provide an income for her family for decades.
This simple comparison demonstrates that for any director drawing dividends, a group scheme offers a false sense of security. A Relevant Life Plan provides protection that is genuinely relevant to their financial reality.
The Portability Advantage: Securing Your Future Beyond Your Current Business
A director's career is rarely static. You might sell your business, merge with another, retire, or embark on a new venture. What happens to your life insurance when you do?
- With Group Life Cover: It's simple. The day you leave the company, your cover ends. You walk away with nothing.
If you are in your 50s or 60s when you exit, finding affordable personal life insurance can be challenging. Premiums will be significantly higher due to your age, and any health conditions developed over the years could make cover prohibitively expensive or even unobtainable.
- With a Relevant Life Plan: You are in control. The policy is yours to take with you.
Because it's an individual plan, it can be easily assigned to a new employer to continue paying the premiums. Alternatively, you can choose to take over the premiums yourself, converting it into a personal policy without any further medical underwriting.
This portability provides an invaluable and continuous protection safety net that bridges career changes, business sales, and retirement. It ensures that the robust cover you secured in your 30s or 40s remains with you into your later years when you may need it most.
Navigating HMRC Rules for Relevant Life Plans
For a policy to qualify for the favourable tax treatment of a Relevant Life Plan, it must adhere to a strict set of rules laid out by HMRC. It's essential that the plan is set up correctly by a professional adviser to ensure compliance.
The key conditions are:
- Pure Protection Only: The policy must solely provide a lump sum death benefit. It cannot include other benefits like critical illness cover or have a surrender value.
- Beneficiaries: The payout must be made to an individual (e.g., a family member), a charity, or into a trust for their benefit.
- Purpose: The plan's main purpose must be for the protection of the employee's family, not for tax avoidance.
- Term and Age: The policy must typically end before the employee's 75th birthday.
- Exclusions: The policy must not be part of a wider pension scheme or a group policy. It has to be a standalone plan.
At WeCovr, our advisers are experts in these rules. We ensure every Relevant Life Plan we arrange is fully compliant, giving both the business and the director complete peace of mind.
The Vital Role of Trusts in Business Protection
You cannot have a Relevant Life Plan without a trust. The trust is the legal architecture that makes the plan work so effectively. When you set up a policy, the insurer provides a standard discretionary trust deed for you to complete.
What is a Discretionary Trust?
A discretionary trust is a legal arrangement where you (the settlor) give assets (the insurance policy) to a group of people (the trustees) to manage for the benefit of others (the beneficiaries). The trustees have the 'discretion' to decide which beneficiaries receive money, how much, and when.
When setting up the trust, you will:
- Appoint Trustees: These are the people you trust to manage the payout. It can be family members, friends, or a professional trustee.
- Name Beneficiaries: This is a wide class of people you want to be able to benefit, such as your spouse, children, grandchildren, and siblings.
- Write a Letter of Wishes: This is a private letter stored with the trust deed, guiding the trustees on how you would like them to distribute the money. It isn't legally binding but provides crucial direction.
The Three Key Benefits of Using a Trust
- Avoids Inheritance Tax (IHT): By placing the policy in trust, you legally give it away. It no longer forms part of your estate. This means the entire payout is exempt from the 40% IHT charge that could apply to assets left in your will.
- Avoids Probate: Probate is the legal process of validating a will and distributing an estate's assets. It can take many months, sometimes years. A trust payout bypasses probate entirely. The insurer pays the claim directly to the trustees, who can then distribute the funds to the family in a matter of weeks.
- Gives You Control: The trust structure, combined with a letter of wishes, allows you to control who benefits from your policy long after you're gone, protecting the funds for your chosen loved ones.
Beyond Relevant Life: A Holistic Protection Strategy for Directors
Death is just one risk a business owner faces. A truly comprehensive protection strategy looks at the bigger picture. A Relevant Life Plan is a cornerstone, but it should be complemented by other forms of cover.
Executive Income Protection: If a Relevant Life Plan protects your family after your death, Executive Income Protection protects you and your family during your life. This is another tax-efficient policy paid for by the business. If you're unable to work due to illness or injury, it pays out a regular monthly income to replace your lost earnings. It's arguably as important as life cover.
Key Person Insurance: This protects the business itself. The company takes out a life insurance or critical illness policy on a key individual whose loss would have a severe financial impact (e.g., lost profits, cost of recruitment). The payout goes directly to the business to help it survive the disruption.
Shareholder Protection: For companies with multiple owners, this is vital. It provides the surviving shareholders with the funds to purchase a deceased or critically ill shareholder's shares from their family. This prevents the shares from falling into the wrong hands and ensures a smooth transfer of ownership, maintaining business continuity.
At WeCovr, we can help you build a complete protection portfolio for you and your business, ensuring every angle is covered. As part of our commitment to our clients' long-term health, we also provide complimentary access to CalorieHero, our AI-powered nutrition and calorie tracking app, to support your wellness journey.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Choosing Business Life Cover
Navigating business protection can be complex. Here are some common pitfalls we help our clients avoid:
- Sole Reliance on a Group Scheme: As this article has shown, for directors, this provides a dangerously inadequate level of cover. It's a foundational benefit, not a complete solution.
- Forgetting Dividends: Calculating your life cover needs based on your small salary is a critical error. Your protection must reflect your total income and lifestyle.
- Ignoring Income Protection: The statistics are clear: you are far more likely to be off work long-term due to illness than you are to die during your working life. Executive Income Protection is essential.
- No Shareholder Agreement: For businesses with co-directors, having Shareholder Protection insurance without a corresponding legal agreement (a 'cross option agreement') is a recipe for disaster. The insurance provides the money, but the agreement provides the legal mechanism to force the sale and purchase of shares.
- A DIY Approach: The tax rules are nuanced and the consequences of getting it wrong are severe. Using a specialist broker is not a cost; it's an investment in getting the right advice and ensuring your plan is structured correctly for maximum benefit.
How WeCovr Helps Directors Secure the Right Protection
Choosing the right cover can feel daunting, but our process is designed to make it simple, clear, and effective.
- Discovery & Analysis: We start with a detailed conversation to understand your personal and business finances, your remuneration structure, your family's needs, and your long-term goals.
- Market Comparison: As an independent broker, we are not tied to any single insurer. We compare Relevant Life Plans, Executive Income Protection, and other business policies from across the entire UK market to find you the most comprehensive cover at the best possible price.
- Expert Advice & Calculation: We calculate the maximum tax-efficient cover you are eligible for and present you with clear, jargon-free options. We explain the pros and cons of each, empowering you to make an informed decision.
- Seamless Application & Trust Setup: We handle all the application paperwork for you. Crucially, we guide you through the process of setting up the discretionary trust correctly, ensuring your policy is IHT-efficient from day one. This service is included at no extra cost.
- Ongoing Support: Our relationship doesn't end when the policy is in force. We are here to support you with policy reviews, changes in circumstances, and, most importantly, provide guidance to your family should they ever need to make a claim.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can a sole trader or a partner in an LLP have a Relevant Life Plan?
Can I add Critical Illness Cover to a Relevant Life Plan?
What happens to my Relevant Life Plan if I close my limited company?
The Verdict: Control and Sufficiency for Company Directors
While Group Life Assurance serves as a valuable and commendable benefit for a general workforce, it falls short for the specific needs of company directors and key business owners. Its rigid structure, salary-based multiples, and lack of portability create a significant protection gap for those whose income and careers are more complex.
A Relevant Life Plan is the definitive solution. It offers the tax efficiency of a group scheme but delivers the high-level, bespoke cover of a personal plan. By acknowledging total remuneration—including dividends—it allows directors to secure a sum that genuinely protects their family's financial future. Its portability provides a lifetime of security that transcends any single business venture.
For any director serious about their financial planning, the choice is clear. A Relevant Life Plan provides the control, flexibility, and, most importantly, the level of cover that your family deserves.
Ready to replace your inadequate group cover with a tax-efficient plan that truly protects your loved ones? Our expert team is ready to provide a free, no-obligation quote and comparison.
Contact WeCovr today to discover how much more protection your business could be providing for you.
Sources
- HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC)
- Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
- Association of British Insurers (ABI)
- Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Disclaimer: This is general guidance only and does not constitute formal tax or financial advice. Tax treatment depends on individual circumstances, policy terms, and HMRC interpretation, which cannot be guaranteed in advance. Whenever applicable, businesses and individuals should always consult a qualified accountant or tax adviser before arranging such policies.










