As an FCA-authorised expert with over 800,000 policies issued, WeCovr helps thousands of people navigate the UK private medical insurance market. This guide demystifies moratorium underwriting, one of the most common—and often misunderstood—ways to get private health cover, helping you make an informed choice for your health.
Step-by-step on moratorium terms, eligibility, exclusions, and the impact on claims
Choosing a private medical insurance (PMI) policy is a significant decision. One of the first hurdles you'll encounter is "underwriting"—the method an insurer uses to assess your health risk and decide what they will and won't cover.
Moratorium underwriting is the most popular choice in the UK, favoured for its speed and simplicity. Unlike full medical underwriting, you don't need to complete a lengthy health questionnaire upfront. Instead, a "wait and see" approach is applied to any health conditions you've experienced in the recent past.
This comprehensive guide will walk you through exactly how it works, what to watch out for, and how it impacts you when you need to make a claim.
What Exactly is Moratorium Underwriting?
In simple terms, moratorium underwriting means that for a set period (usually the first two years of your policy), the insurer will not cover treatment for any medical condition you've had symptoms, treatment, or advice for in the five years before your policy started.
These are known as pre-existing conditions.
However, if you then complete a continuous two-year period on the policy without experiencing any symptoms, needing treatment, medication, or advice for that specific condition, it may become eligible for cover.
Think of it as a temporary exclusion that can be lifted if you remain trouble-free. This is the core principle of moratorium underwriting and what sets it apart.
The Critical Distinction: Acute vs. Chronic Conditions
Before we go any further, it's vital to understand a fundamental rule of UK private medical insurance:
Standard PMI policies, whether moratorium or fully underwritten, are designed to cover acute conditions, not chronic ones.
- Acute Condition: A disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery. Examples include a hernia, cataracts, appendicitis, or a broken bone.
- Chronic Condition: A disease, illness, or injury that has one or more of the following characteristics: it needs ongoing or long-term monitoring, requires palliative care, has no known cure, or is likely to come back. Examples include diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, and arthritis.
PMI is there to help you get treated for new, curable conditions that arise after your policy begins. It is not designed to manage long-term illnesses, which remain under the care of the NHS.
How Moratorium Underwriting Works in Practice: The "2-5-2" Rule
The process can be best understood by breaking it down into what is often called the "2-5-2" rule. Let's look at each part step-by-step.
Step 1: The 5-Year Lookback Period
When you take out a moratorium policy, the insurer automatically places a temporary exclusion on any medical condition for which you have:
- Received medication or treatment
- Asked for medical advice
- Experienced symptoms (whether diagnosed or not)
...in the five years leading up to your policy's start date.
Because you don't declare these conditions upfront, the process is quick. You can often get cover in place the same day. The assessment happens later, at the point of a claim.
Example:
Sarah takes out a moratorium policy on 1st November 2025. In 2023, she saw her GP for recurring knee pain and was given some painkillers. This knee pain is now considered a pre-existing condition under her new policy.
Step 2: The 2-Year Moratorium (Waiting) Period
Once your policy starts, a two-year "moratorium period" begins. During this time, you cannot claim for any of those pre-existing conditions identified in the 5-year lookback.
If you need treatment for a new condition that you've never had before (e.g., you develop gallstones for the first time), you are typically covered from day one, subject to your policy's terms.
Step 3: The 2-Year Trouble-Free Period
This is the key to getting a pre-existing condition covered. For a condition to become eligible for cover, you must serve a continuous two-year period after your policy has started without:
- Experiencing any symptoms of that condition.
- Seeking medical advice for it.
- Receiving any treatment or medication for it.
If you meet this requirement, the moratorium on that specific condition is lifted, and it may become eligible for cover in the future.
Example continued:
Sarah's policy started on 1st November 2025. Her pre-existing knee pain is excluded.
- Scenario A (Cover becomes eligible): Sarah's knee pain completely disappears. She has no symptoms, sees no doctors, and takes no medication for her knee for two full years. On 1st November 2027, if she develops knee pain again, her PMI policy may now cover the investigation and treatment because she completed the 2-year trouble-free period.
- Scenario B (Exclusion remains): In May 2026 (within the first two years), Sarah's knee pain returns, and she visits her GP for advice. This "resets the clock." The two-year trouble-free period for her knee condition must start again from the date of this latest consultation. It will remain excluded until she can go two full years without any issues.
| Rule Component | Description | What it means for you |
|---|
| 5-Year Lookback | The insurer looks at your medical history for the 5 years before your policy starts. | Any condition you had in this period is initially excluded. |
| 2-Year Moratorium | A waiting period at the start of your policy. | You cannot claim for any pre-existing conditions during this time. |
| 2-Year Trouble-Free | You must remain symptom, treatment, and advice-free for a condition for 2 continuous years. | If you achieve this, the exclusion on that condition may be lifted. |
The Claims Process Under Moratorium: The Moment of Truth
With moratorium underwriting, the real checks happen when you make a claim. This is a crucial difference from full medical underwriting, where the checks are done upfront.
Here’s the typical claims journey:
- You Develop a Symptom: You experience a health issue and visit your GP.
- You Get an Open Referral: Your GP recommends you see a specialist. You contact your insurer to make a claim.
- The Insurer Investigates: This is the key step. The insurer will ask for your consent to access your medical records from your GP. They do this to determine if your claim relates to:
- A brand-new, acute condition (likely to be covered).
- A pre-existing condition from the last 5 years that has not passed the 2-year trouble-free period (likely to be excluded).
- A chronic condition (always excluded).
- Any other standard policy exclusion.
- Decision is Made:
- Approved: If the insurer agrees it's a new, eligible acute condition, they will authorise your specialist consultation and any subsequent treatment.
- Declined: If they find evidence that the condition is pre-existing (and the moratorium still applies) or chronic, they will decline the claim. You will then need to seek treatment via the NHS.
This process can sometimes cause delays and uncertainty. If your medical history is complex, it might take the insurer's clinical team longer to review your records and make a fair decision.
Moratorium vs. Full Medical Underwriting: A Comparison
The main alternative to moratorium underwriting is Full Medical Underwriting (FMU). With FMU, you complete a detailed health questionnaire when you apply. You must declare your full medical history, and the insurer assesses it before your policy even starts.
Based on your answers, they will either:
- Offer you cover with specific, named exclusions (e.g., "no cover for any condition related to the right knee").
- Charge a higher premium to cover a certain condition.
- In rare cases, decline to offer cover.
The key benefit of FMU is certainty. You know from day one exactly what is and isn't covered.
Here's a head-to-head comparison:
| Feature | Moratorium Underwriting | Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) |
|---|
| Application Process | Quick and easy. No initial health forms. | Longer process. Requires a detailed health questionnaire. |
| Pre-existing Conditions | Automatically excluded for a rolling 2-year period. | Declared upfront and explicitly excluded in writing. |
| Certainty of Cover | Lower. You only find out if a condition is covered when you claim. | Higher. You know exactly what's excluded from the start. |
| Claims Process | Can be slower as insurer needs to investigate your medical history. | Generally faster as underwriting decisions have already been made. |
| Possibility of Cover | Pre-existing conditions can become eligible for cover after a 2-year trouble-free period. | Exclusions are often permanent and cannot be removed later. |
| Best For... | People with few or no recent health issues who want fast cover. | People with a complex medical history who want absolute clarity on their cover. |
An expert PMI broker, such as WeCovr, can be invaluable here. We can talk you through the pros and cons of each underwriting method based on your personal health and circumstances, ensuring you don't get any nasty surprises down the line.
Real-Life Scenarios: Moratorium Underwriting in Action
Let's explore a few examples to see how moratorium underwriting works in the real world.
Scenario 1: David and his Back Pain
- Background: David took out a moratorium PMI policy in January 2025. In 2022, he had a brief episode of lower back pain after gardening and his GP prescribed ibuprofen.
- The Claim: In June 2026, he injures his back lifting a heavy box and is in severe pain. His GP refers him to a spinal specialist.
- The Outcome: David contacts his insurer. The claims team requests his medical records and sees the 2022 entry for back pain. Since he sought advice for this condition within the 5 years before his policy started, and he has not yet completed a 2-year trouble-free period, the claim is declined. The insurer considers it a pre-existing condition. David will need to use the NHS for his treatment.
Scenario 2: Maria and her Headaches
- Background: Maria started a moratorium policy in March 2025. She has no history of significant medical issues in the last five years.
- The Claim: In December 2025, she starts experiencing severe migraines for the first time in her life. Her GP is concerned and gives her an open referral for a neurologist.
- The Outcome: Maria calls her insurer. They check her medical records and find no previous history of headaches or related neurological symptoms. The condition is clearly new and acute. The claim is approved, and Maria is authorised to see a private neurologist within a week.
Scenario 3: Tom and his Old Skiing Injury
- Background: Tom took out a moratorium policy in 2020. Before that, in 2018, he had physiotherapy for a knee injury from skiing.
- The Claim: In 2026, over six years after his policy started, his knee starts to lock and cause pain again. His GP suggests an MRI and possible arthroscopy (keyhole surgery).
- The Outcome: Tom makes a claim. The insurer sees the 2018 injury, making it a pre-existing condition. However, they also see from his records that he has had zero symptoms, treatment, or advice for his knee between 2020 and 2026. Because he served more than the required 2-year continuous trouble-free period, the moratorium on his knee condition has been lifted. The claim is approved.
Boosting Your Wellbeing: Tips for a Healthier Lifestyle
While insurance is there for when things go wrong, focusing on preventative health is always the best strategy. A healthier lifestyle not only reduces your risk of needing to claim but also improves your overall quality of life. As a WeCovr client, you get complimentary access to our AI-powered nutrition app, CalorieHero, to help you on your journey.
- Balanced Diet: Aim for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Reducing processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats can lower your risk of developing chronic conditions like heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
- Regular Physical Activity: The NHS recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week. This could be brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or even vigorous gardening. It helps manage weight, strengthens bones and muscles, and boosts mental health.
- Prioritise Sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Poor sleep is linked to a range of health problems, including a weakened immune system and high blood pressure. Create a relaxing bedtime routine and a dark, quiet, and cool sleeping environment.
- Manage Stress: Chronic stress can have a significant physical impact. Incorporate stress-reduction techniques like mindfulness, yoga, deep breathing exercises, or spending time in nature into your daily routine.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Moratorium Underwriting
Like any financial product, moratorium underwriting has its own set of pros and cons. It's crucial to weigh them up before deciding if it's the right fit for you.
| Pros of Moratorium Underwriting | Cons of Moratorium Underwriting |
|---|
| Quick and Simple Application - No lengthy forms to fill in. | Lack of Upfront Certainty - You don't know what's covered until you claim. |
| Less Intrusive - You don't have to recall and declare your entire medical history. | Potential for Claim Delays - Insurer needs to investigate your history at claim time. |
| Potential to Cover Pre-existing Conditions - Conditions can become eligible for cover over time. | "Resetting the Clock" - A minor symptom or GP visit can restart your 2-year waiting period. |
| Widely Available - It's the most common type of underwriting offered by UK insurers. | Not Ideal for Complex Histories - Can lead to disappointment if you have multiple past conditions. |
How a Specialist Broker Like WeCovr Can Help
Navigating the world of private medical insurance UK can feel overwhelming. The terminology is complex, and the consequences of choosing the wrong policy can be significant. This is where an independent, FCA-authorised broker like WeCovr provides immense value.
- Expert Guidance: Our specialists live and breathe health insurance. We can explain the difference between moratorium and full medical underwriting in plain English, helping you choose the best path for your needs.
- Market Comparison: We compare policies and prices from a wide panel of the UK's leading insurers, saving you the time and hassle of doing it yourself.
- No Extra Cost: Our service is completely free to you. We are paid by the insurer you choose, so you get expert, unbiased advice without paying a penny more.
- High Customer Satisfaction: We pride ourselves on our service, which is reflected in the high satisfaction ratings we receive from our clients.
- Added Value: When you purchase a policy through us, you also get complimentary access to our CalorieHero nutrition app and can receive discounts on other insurance products, like life or income protection cover.
Choosing moratorium underwriting without fully understanding the implications can lead to rejected claims and frustration. A short conversation with one of our advisors can provide the clarity and confidence you need to secure the right protection.
Do I need to declare my medical conditions on a moratorium policy?
Generally, no. The main advantage of moratorium underwriting is that you do not need to fill out a detailed medical questionnaire at the start. The insurer automatically excludes any condition you've had symptoms, treatment, or advice for in the last five years. The assessment of your medical history happens if and when you make a claim.
What happens if I switch my moratorium policy to a new insurer?
When switching insurers, you have two main options. You can start a new moratorium, which resets the clock on all your waiting periods. Alternatively, you can ask for "continued moratorium" terms. This means your new insurer agrees to honour the waiting periods you have already served with your old provider, so you don't lose the cover you may have gained for pre-existing conditions. A broker can help ensure this switch is handled correctly.
Can I get cover for a chronic condition like asthma or diabetes with PMI?
No, standard UK private medical insurance is designed to cover acute conditions (those that are curable), not chronic conditions (those that require long-term management). The day-to-day management and treatment of chronic illnesses like diabetes, asthma, arthritis, or high blood pressure will always remain under the care of the NHS. However, a PMI policy might cover an acute flare-up of a chronic condition if it was not pre-existing.
Is moratorium underwriting cheaper than full medical underwriting?
Not necessarily. The initial premium for both types of underwriting is often very similar because the insurer is pricing based on your age, location, and the level of cover you choose. The main difference is not the price, but the method of assessing risk and the level of certainty you have about your cover from day one. In some cases, if you have a clean bill of health, FMU can be slightly cheaper because the insurer has more certainty about the risk they are taking on.
Ready to explore your private health cover options and find a policy that gives you peace of mind?
Get a free, no-obligation quote from WeCovr today. Our expert advisors will compare the market for you and help you find the best PMI provider for your budget and needs.