
Private medical insurance (PMI) is a powerful tool for taking control of your health in the UK. At WeCovr, an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 800,000 policies, we believe that understanding your cover is the first step towards making an informed choice. This guide demystifies PMI exclusions.
Private medical insurance is designed to work alongside the NHS, not replace it. Its primary purpose is to cover the costs of diagnosis and treatment for acute conditions that arise after you take out your policy. An acute condition is a disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery.
Think of it like this: your PMI is for new, unexpected health issues that can be resolved. It is not designed for ongoing management of long-term illnesses or conditions you already have. Understanding this core principle is key to having the right expectations and making your policy work for you.
This is the most critical exclusion to understand. Standard private medical insurance in the UK does not cover chronic or pre-existing conditions.
Insurers exclude these to keep premiums affordable for the collective pool of members. Covering long-term, predictable costs for pre-existing and chronic conditions would make private health cover prohibitively expensive for most people.
| Condition Type | Covered by PMI? | Example | Why? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute | Yes | A hernia requiring surgery, cataracts, joint replacement for osteoarthritis. | The condition has a clear treatment path and is expected to be resolved. |
| Chronic | No | Ongoing management of Type 2 diabetes, asthma inhalers, regular check-ups for hypertension. | The condition requires continuous, long-term management rather than a one-off cure. |
| Pre-existing | No | Seeking treatment for back pain you saw a GP about two years before your policy began. | The condition existed before your insurance contract started. |
Important Note: While PMI won't cover the day-to-day management of a chronic condition, it may cover an acute flare-up if that flare-up can be treated and resolved, returning you to your previous state of health. This is a nuanced area, and cover depends entirely on your specific policy wording.
Beyond chronic and pre-existing conditions, most UK PMI policies have a standard list of exclusions. While specifics vary between insurers, you can generally expect the following not to be covered:
Private hospitals in the UK are not equipped with A&E departments. Any emergency, life-threatening situation, or major accident requires an immediate visit to an NHS A&E. PMI is for planned, non-emergency treatment.
Routine antenatal appointments, scans, and a standard, uncomplicated birth are not covered. The NHS provides excellent maternity care. However, some comprehensive policies may offer cover for complications that arise during pregnancy or childbirth, so it's worth checking the policy details if this is a concern.
Procedures done purely for cosmetic reasons, such as a nose job, facelift, or liposuction, are almost always excluded. However, reconstructive surgery following an accident or for a medical reason (like breast reconstruction after a mastectomy for cancer) is often covered.
The complex logistics, donor sourcing, and extensive aftercare involved in organ transplants are managed exclusively by the NHS.
While initial diagnosis might be covered, the long-term management of HIV/AIDS is considered a chronic condition and is handled by specialist NHS services.
Treatment for drug and alcohol abuse, including rehabilitation and detoxification programmes, is typically excluded.
Injuries resulting from dangerous hobbies (unless declared and accepted), substance abuse, or attempted suicide are not covered.
The cost of wheelchairs, mobility scooters, and other aids for daily living is not included.
Insurers will only pay for treatments that are established and have a strong evidence base for their effectiveness. This is determined by bodies like the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).
Routine health check-ups, screening programmes (unless part of a specific policy benefit), and vaccinations are usually not part of a standard policy.
Exclusions aren't there to catch you out. They are a fundamental part of the insurance model that allows private health cover to remain viable and affordable. There are two main reasons for them:
Managing Risk and Cost: The core purpose of insurance is to protect you against unforeseen events. By excluding predictable, long-term, or non-essential treatments, insurers can keep the monthly premiums at a level that is accessible to more people. If PMI covered everything, including chronic care for millions, the cost would be astronomical.
Complementing the NHS: The UK's private healthcare system is designed to work in partnership with the National Health Service. The NHS excels at emergency care, chronic disease management, and public health services. PMI fills the gap by providing faster access to diagnostics and elective treatment for new, acute conditions, helping to relieve pressure on NHS waiting lists.
According to NHS England data, the median waiting time for consultant-led elective care was around 14.5 weeks as of mid-2024. A PMI policy can often reduce this wait to just a few weeks.
Knowing what isn't covered is just as important as knowing what is. It allows you to build a comprehensive health plan that uses all the resources available to you.
The NHS is and will remain your primary source of care for emergencies, chronic conditions, and anything not covered by your PMI policy.
For some treatments that are excluded or fall under your policy excess, paying for it yourself (self-funding) can be a viable option. Private hospitals offer fixed-price packages for common procedures. This can be a good choice for treatments where the NHS waiting list is long, but the cost isn't prohibitively high.
Example Self-Pay Costs (Estimates for 2025)
| Procedure | Estimated Private Cost (UK) | Potential NHS Wait |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Scan | £300 - £700 | 4 - 8 weeks |
| Cataract Surgery (per eye) | £2,500 - £4,000 | 6 - 9 months |
| Hernia Repair | £3,000 - £5,000 | 4 - 6 months |
| Initial Consultation | £200 - £350 | 12 - 18 weeks |
Source: Internal market research and private hospital websites. Costs are estimates and vary by location and provider.
For specific needs not covered by PMI, other insurance products can fill the gaps:
An expert PMI broker, such as WeCovr, can advise you on these complementary products. As a WeCovr client, you may also be eligible for discounts on other types of cover when you purchase a PMI or Life Insurance policy through us.
The best way to manage healthcare costs and avoid needing treatment is to stay healthy. Many modern PMI providers actively encourage this by offering wellness benefits.
When you apply for PMI, the insurer will "underwrite" your policy. This is the process they use to assess your health and medical history to decide what they will and won't cover. There are two main types in the UK:
This is the most common and simplest type. You don't have to declare your full medical history upfront. Instead, the insurer automatically applies a temporary exclusion for any condition you've had symptoms, treatment, or advice for in the past five years.
This exclusion can be lifted for a specific condition if you then go for a continuous two-year period after your policy starts without having any symptoms, treatment, medication, or advice for it.
With this method, you complete a detailed health questionnaire, disclosing your entire medical history. The insurer assesses this information and then tells you from day one exactly what is and isn't covered. Any pre-existing conditions will be explicitly listed as exclusions on your policy documents.
Comparing Underwriting Methods
| Feature | Moratorium Underwriting | Full Medical Underwriting |
|---|---|---|
| Application Process | Quick and simple, no forms. | Lengthy health questionnaire. |
| Clarity of Cover | Less certainty at the start; claims can be slower as history is checked. | Complete clarity from day one; you know exactly what's excluded. |
| Cover for Past Conditions | A condition can become eligible for cover after a 2-year clear period. | Exclusions are usually permanent and cannot be added later. |
| Best For | People with a clean bill of health or minor past issues who want a quick start. | People with a complex medical history who want absolute certainty about their cover. |
Your policy documents are your contract with the insurer. It's vital to read them carefully.
This can be daunting, which is why working with an FCA-authorised broker is so beneficial. At WeCovr, we don't just find you a price; we help you understand the policy. We've helped thousands of clients navigate complex policy wording to ensure there are no surprises when it's time to claim. Our high customer satisfaction ratings reflect our commitment to this transparency.
While standard exclusions are fixed, you do have some flexibility to enhance your cover:
Choosing the right level of cover and add-ons is a personal decision based on your priorities and budget. A good PMI broker will help you compare the best PMI providers and tailor a package that fits your needs perfectly.
Understanding your policy is the key to peace of mind. By knowing the boundaries of your private health cover, you can plan effectively, using both the NHS and your private benefits to their full potential.
Ready to find a policy that's right for you?
Get a free, no-obligation quote from WeCovr today. Our expert advisors will help you compare leading UK insurers and understand every detail of your cover, ensuring you make the best choice for your health and budget.






